Citations
- 391 F. Supp. 2d 895
Full opinion text
MEMORANDUM OPINION & ORDER
JENKINS, Senior District Judge.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. THE ISSUES ON REMAND.902
II. PRÉCIS.902
III. PROCEDURAL HISTORY.903
IV. THE CLAIMS OF THE PART II PLAINTIFFS (O o co
A. Ms. Donna Singer. CO o
B. Mr. Fred Riggs. CO t — to
C. Mr. Allison Dickson. ÍO h- oj
D. The Nature of Plaintiffs’ Claims. íO 1 — 1 -a
E. Plaintiffs’ Supplemental Pleading. 0 J — 1
V. THE NAVAJO COURT ORDERS.
A. The December 28,1999 Order.
1. Findings re: Mr. Riggs.
2. Findings re: Ms. Singer.
3. Findings re: Mr. Dickson.
4. Preliminary Relief Under the December 28,1999 Order ....
B. The March 1, 2000 Order.
C. The March 6, 2000 Order.
VI. THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF NAVAJO SOVEREIGNTY....
A. Inherent Navajo Tribal Sovereignty.
1. “Domestic Dependent Nations”.
2. Inherent Tribal Powers.
3. Tribal Sovereignty & Federal Indian Policy.
B. Oliphant, Montana & Implied Divestiture of Tribal Sovereignty
1. Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe.
2. Montana v. United States & its Exceptions.
3. Civil Jurisdiction Over Non-Indians Reaffirmed.
C. Navajo Sovereignty & Self-Government.
1. The Navajo Treaty of 1868 .
2. Subsequent Legislation Enlarging the Navajo Reservation .
3. A Tale of Two Treaties: Montana & the 1933 Act.
4. The Navajo Nation Government .
D. Navajo Sovereignty & the Navajo Courts.
1. Creation of the Navajo Court System.
2. Jurisdiction of the Navajo Courts .
3. Navajo Court Jurisdiction Over Non-Indian Defendants ...
4. Montana & the NPEA in the Navajo Courts: the Manygoats Case
E. The Navajo Preference in Employment Act (NPEA).
1. “Ab-Will” Employment vs. “Just Cause” Tenure.
2. NPEA Protection for Non-Navajo Spouses.
3. Administrative Enforcement of the NPEA .
4. Singer, et al. v. San Juan County, et al. and the NPEA’s Exhaustion Requirement. CD 00
F. Navajo Tort Law. CD OO E>0
VII. ENFORCEMENT OF THE NAVAJO COURT ORDERS IN THIS FORUM. ID 00 Oi
A. Theories re: the Navajo Court’s Subject-Matter Jurisdiction in Singer, et al. v. San Juan County, etal.. CD 00 o
1. Navajo Court Jurisdiction as a Federal Question. CD 00 o
2. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Over the County and Health District Defendants Under the Montana Exceptions. 00 o
(i )Plaintiffs’ Theory re: Jurisdiction. 00 o
(ii )San Juan County’s Theory re: Jurisdiction. 05 o
(in )The Health District’s Theory re: Jurisdiction. 05 o
B. Analysis & Conclusions re: the Navajo Court’s Subject-Matter Jurisdiction in Singer, et al. v. San Juan County, etal.. .993
1. Montana & the Plaintiffs’ “Congressional Presumption” .. .993
2. The Defendants’ Reading of Montana. .996
3. The Navajo Court’s Findings of Jurisdictional Facts. .998
(i )Fred Riggs. 1001
(ii )Allison Dickson. 1001
(Hi )Donna Singer. 1001
(iv )San Juan County. 1004
(v )San Juan County Commissioners. 1005
(vi )San Juan County Attorney Craig Halls. 1005
(vii )County Administrator Richard “Rick” Bailey. 1006
1006 (viii )Summary re: the County Defendants.
1007 (■ix )San Juan Health Services District.
1012 (x )Health District Board Members.
1012 (xi )Roger Atcitty.
1013 (xii )Lauren “Laurie” Schafer.
1014 (xiii )Reid Wood.
1015 (aró) Summary.
1015 Navajo Court Judgments in the Federal Courts . o
1015 1. Comity vs. Full Faith and Credit.
2. Full Faith and Credit, Comity & the Problem of Non-Final Judgments. CO