Full opinion text
MEMORANDUM OPINION COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY, District Judge. Plaintiff, Clifford F. Smith, brings this action against Defendant Alphonso R. Jackson, in his capacity as Secretary of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD” or the “Agency”), pursuant to Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq., as well as 42 U.S.C. § 1981. Plaintiff alleges that he was subjected to a hostile work environment and disparate treatment based on his race and age, when his former supervisor allegedly attacked his performance, shouted at him and threatened him with disciplinary action, revoked his Compressed Work Schedule (“CWS”), charged him with Absence Without Leave (“AWOL”), issued a Proposal to Suspend him, and physically blocked his path when he tried to leave his office. Plaintiff further alleges that he was retaliated against for Union activity when he was ordered to return to a work station from which he had temporarily been relocated. Defendant has moved to dismiss certain of Plaintiffs factual allegations, and seeks summary judgment on Plaintiffs entire Complaint. Based upon a searching consideration of Defendant’s motion, Plaintiffs Opposition, Defendant’s Reply, the attached exhibits, the relevant case law, and the entire record herein, the Court shall grant Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss and for Summary Judgment in its entirety. I: BACKGROUND A. Plaintiffs Employment by HUD and Work on the SASI Contract Plaintiff Clifford F. Smith is an African-American, black male, who was 66 years old at the time of the events giving rise to this action. At that point, Plaintiff was employed as a GS-1101-13 Contract Oversight Specialist in the Office of Housing of the Procurement Management Division of HUD. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 1; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 1. From March 2002 until June 13, 2002, Plaintiffs first-line supervisor was Thomas Vincent, Deputy Director of the Procurement Management Division. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 2; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶2. Plaintiffs second-line supervisor was Don Schade, Director of the Procurement Management Division. Id. During the same period, Plaintiffs team leader was Brenda Lambert, and the other team leader in the office was Bernard Morton. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 3; PL’s Stmt. ¶ 3. Prior to April 25, 2002, Plaintiff was on a Compressed Work Schedule (“CWS”), whereby he worked four ten-hour days per week and was off every other Friday and the following Monday. See Def.’s Ex. 5 (EEO Report of Investigation) (“ROI”), Ex. 14 (4/30/02 Mem. from T. Vincent to C. Smith). At some point during March 2002, Plaintiff was assigned to handle a contract referred to as the SASI contract. See PL’s Stmt. ¶4; ROI, Ex. 7 (10/24/03 Lambert Aff.) at 3; Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 6:14-22. On Thursday, April 25, 2002, Ms. Lambert went to Plaintiffs office and attempted to inquire as to the status of the SASI contract, which she believed was due to be issued the next day. See ROI, Ex. 7 (Lambert Aff.) at 9; Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 15:13-16:16. Plaintiff responded to Ms. Lambert’s inquiry by telling her to leave him alone so that he could get his work done. ROI, Ex. 7 (Lambert Aff.) at 9; Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 16:2-16. In light of the impending deadline, Ms. Lambert proceeded to report Plaintiffs behavior to Mr. Schade. ROI, Ex. 7 (Lambert Aff.) at 9; Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 16:21-23. Mr. Schade then accompanied Ms. Lambert into Plaintiffs office to discuss the status of the SASI contract. ROI, Ex. 7 (Lambert Aff.) at 9; Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 16:21-23. According to Mr. Schade and Ms. Lambert, Plaintiff could not explain the status of his assignment on the SASI contract to Mr. Schade, and Mr. Schade therefore instructed Plaintiff to bring the completed assignment to his office in an hour (i.e., at approximately 2:15 p.m.). ROI, Ex. 7 (10/23/03 Schade Aff.) at 3; Ex. 7 (Lambert Aff.) at 9. When Plaintiff did not bring the completed assignment to Mr. Schade’s office at the designated time, Mr. Schade called Plaintiff into his office. Id. Also present in Mr. Schade’s office when Plaintiff arrived were Mr. Vincent and Ms. Lambert. Id.; Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Pl.’s Ans. to Def.’s Interrogs.). at 4. Plaintiffs supervisors informed him that he was to complete his assignment by 5:00 p.m. that afternoon. ROI, Ex. 7 (Lambert Aff.) at 10; Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 27:10-14; Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 4. Plaintiff asserts that he did not agree to the 5:00 p.m. deadline, but admits that it was imposed. Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 27:10-14; Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 4. At approximately 4:45 p.m., Plaintiff informed Mr. Vincent that he had encountered computer difficulties while attempting to complete his assignment. Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 4-5; Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 27:17-28:13; Def.’s Ex. 7 (3/28/07 Vincent Dep.) at 44:9-45:19. When it became clear to Mr. Vincent that Plaintiff would not complete the assignment before 5:00 p.m., Mr. Vincent told Plaintiff that he had to report to work on Friday, April 26, 2002 to finish the assignment. Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 5; Def.’s Ex. 7 (Vincent Dep.) at 46:18-47:4. Friday, April 26, 2002 and Monday, April 29, 2002 were Plaintiffs scheduled days off on his CWS. Def.’s Ex. 14 (4/30/02 Mem. from T. Vincent to C. Smith); PL’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 5. Thus, by requiring Plaintiff to report to work on Friday, April 26, 2002, Mr. Vincent was cancelling Plaintiffs CWS. Def.’s Ex. 7 (Vincent Dep.) at 46:18-47:4. Plaintiff asserts that he informed Mr. Vincent that he would not be coming in to work on Friday the 26th because he had already worked his scheduled 40 hours for the week. Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 29:16-31:12; Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 5; Def.’s Ex. 7 (Vincent Dep.) at 47:5-15. Plaintiff also asserts that he believed he had completed the assignment by 5:00 p.m., although he admits that he might have left something out. Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 29:23-30:11; Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Inter-rogs.) at 5. Mr. Vincent warned Plaintiff before he left the office that Plaintiffs failure to report to work on April 26th would result in disciplinary action. Id. Plaintiff did not report to work on Friday, April 26 or Monday, April 29, 2002, but returned to work on Tuesday, April 30, as if his CWS was still in effect. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 4; PL’s Stmt. ¶ 4; PL’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 5; Def.’s Ex. 7 (Vincent Dep.) at 66:5-7. On Friday, April 26, Ms. Lambert reviewed the work Plaintiff had submitted at the end of the previous day and determined that it was “substantially not completed and several of the items [Plaintiff] considered to be complete had errors.” ROI, Ex. 7 (Lambert Aff.) at 10. B. Ramifications of the SASI Contract Difficulties When Plaintiff returned to work on Tuesday, April 30, 2002, Mr. Vincent advised Plaintiff that the SASI contract was his responsibility, that he had not completed the assignment in a satisfactory manner, that he had disregarded a direct order from his supervisor by not reporting to work on Friday, April 26th, and that this was grounds for disciplinary action. Def.’s Ex. 7 (Vincent Dep.) at 66:8-69:8; Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 5. On the same day, Mr. Vincent issued a memorandum to Plaintiff temporarily revoking his CWS effective May 5, 2002. ROI, Ex. 14 (4/30/02 Mem. from T. Vincent to C. Smith); Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 5; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 5. Mr. Vincent stated that the revocation was based on Plaintiffs failure to complete the SASI contract assignment on April 25, 2002, as well as Plaintiffs disregard of Mr. Vincent’s order to report to work on April 26, 2002, and was intended to “enable Management to meet the operational needs of the office and better monitor [Plaintiffs] workload management.” ROI, Ex. 14. Mr. Vincent specifically noted that within sixty days management would review Plaintiffs workload and ability to meet deadlines, as well as the needs of the office, and determine whether Plaintiff could return to his CWS. Id. Despite Mr. Vincent’s revocation of Plaintiffs CWS, Plaintiff continued to work the hours of his CWS during the months of May and June 2002. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 6; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 6. On April 30 or May 1, 2002, Plaintiffs Union submitted a “Demand to Bargain” memorandum on Plaintiffs behalf, which requested that Management not change Plaintiffs CWS pending resolution of an agreement on that issue. See Def.’s Ex. 15 (4/30/02 Mem. from C. Duckett to N. Mesewicz). Mr. Vincent did not accede to this request, apparently based on advice that a change in an employee’s work schedule was not subject to union bargaining. Def.’s Ex. 7 (Vincent Dep.) at 71:9-72:4; ROI, Ex. 21 (9/9/02 Mem. from T. Vincent to C. Smith). C. Plaintiffs Allegations of Hostile Work Environment According to Plaintiff, when he returned to work on April 30, 2002, Mr. Vincent began “berating [him] on a daily basis throughout the day using the contract as a disguise since he felt that things were not moving fast enough.” Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 5. Plaintiff asserts that Mr. Vincent’s “verbal and email attacks became so frequent, and the daily routine of calling me into his office at least eight or nine times a day inquiring about [the SASI] contract., [were] sometimes explosive .... ” Id. In particular, Plaintiff describes an incident on May 2, 2002, in which he asserts that Mr. Vincent called Plaintiff into his office several times to discuss the status of the SASI contract and “made negative remarks and threatened [him] again with disciplinary action.” Id. According to Plaintiff he “later suffered chest pains, warm feeling and shortness of breath and went to the health clinicf,]” where the nurse found his blood pressure to have “escalated to a dangerous level.” Id. Plaintiff further asserts that he “was advised to go home due to the hostile work environment [he] encountered at work.” Id. at 6. Plaintiff saw his physician, Dr. Yasmin Panahy, the following morning — May 3, 2002 — and asserts that she told him to remain at home rather than returning to work. Id. Plaintiff saw Dr. Panahy again on May 6, 2002 and asserts that she again told him to stay home. Id. Plaintiff returned to work on May 14, 2002 and submitted two letters from Dr. Panahy regarding his absences. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 14; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 14; ROI, Ex. 17, Attachments X (5/3/02 Mem. from Dr. Panahy) and Y (5/9/02 Mem. from Dr. Panahy). Dr. Pa-nahy’s letters indicate that Plaintiff was under her care, as well as the care of a cardiologist, Dr. Katz. ROI, Ex. 17, Attach. X (5/3/02 Mem. from Dr. Panahy). In her May 3, 2002 letter, Dr. Panahy states, “[Plaintiff] has been under undue high stress recently at work and his blood pressure was extremely high [on May 2, 2002],” notes that elevated blood pressure might be extremely dangerous for Plaintiff given his heart condition, requests that Plaintiffs supervisors “take this into consideration,” and reports that she had instructed Plaintiff to walk away from stressful situations. Id. Dr. Panahy’s May 9, 2002 letter is more specific, recommending that Plaintiffs “recent contract (SASI) that has caused undue stress be reassigned and that he be reassigned to the other team.” ROI, Ex. 17, Attach. Y (5/9/02 Mem. from Dr. Panahy). Plaintiff asserts that “Mr. Vincent disregarded these notices ... and continued harassing me and threatening me with disciplinary action for missing work....” Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 6. However, the record flatly contradicts Plaintiffs claim that Mr. Vincent ignored Dr. Panahy’s letters. Rather, in a memorandum dated May 21, 2002, Mr. Vincent acknowledged receipt of those letters and requested additional medical information “to better understand [Plaintiffs] condition(s) and its impact on [his] performing [his] duties and any future requests for leave as an accommodation.” Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 15; ROI, Ex. 16 (5/21/02 Mem. from T. Vincent to C. Smith). Mr. Vincent specifically-requested that, by June 3, 2002, Plaintiff furnish a detailed medical statement addressing nine questions about his medical condition. Id. When Plaintiff did not respond to Mr. Vincent’s request, Mr. Vincent made a second request via memorandum dated June 11, 2002. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 16; ROI, Ex. 19 (6/11/02 Mem. from T. Vincent to C. Smith). Finally, on June 17, 2002, Theodore Ford, Director of the Resource Management Division, sent Plaintiff a memorandum requesting the medical information that Plaintiff had not provided in response to Mr. Vincent’s requests. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 17; ROI, Ex. 19 (6/17/02 Mem. from T. Ford to C. Smith). Plaintiff admits receiving these requests for additional medical information, and admits failing to provide the requested material. Pl.’s Stmt. ¶¶ 15-17. Plaintiff maintains— and appears to have maintained at the time — that Dr. Panahy’s letters were sufficient to answer the requests for additional medical information. Id. In support of his claim that Mr. Vincent “harassed” and “threatened” him, Plaintiff alleges that Mr. Vincent held meetings with Plaintiff “as frequently as five to eight or more times per day,” and “would follow up these encounters with many emails per day in which he charged me with various disciplinary infractions. The situation reached a point where I on many occasions, had to go to the health unit.” Id. Although Plaintiff includes more specific allegations regarding a handful of meetings, discussed below, his complaint regarding the majority of the meetings appears to relate to their frequency, rather than what occurred during them. Further, although Plaintiff focuses upon Mr. Vincent’s e-mails, he does not provide copies of any such e-mails or even cite to the e-mails proffered by Defendant, which date from the end of April and beginning of May 2002. See ROI, Ex. 17, Attachments J-T. While those e-mails reflect that Mr. Vincent sent Plaintiff multiple emails on some days, the Court notes that they reflect efforts on Mr. Vincent’s part to ascertain the status of the SASI contract. Id. During his deposition, Mr. Vincent testified that he used frequent e-mails as a management tool and “sent multiple, constant e-mails to people to make sure that the work was moving.” Def.’s Ex. 7 (Vincent Dep.) at 128:7-128:18. Mr. Vincent testified that it was not unusual for him to e-mail an employee multiple times per day or to require an employee to come to his office several times a day if he was working on a contract they were involved with. Id. Mr. Vincent also described his management style as “demanding,” but not “particularly tough.” See id. at 124:14-125:8. That description is corroborated by the affidavits of Plaintiffs former colleagues that were submitted in connection with the EEO investigation into Plaintiffs claims. As Defendant notes, those same former colleagues either do not report, or specifically deny, Mr. Vincent making comments relating to age or race or treating anyone adversely based on a racial or age-related bias. See generally, ROI, Ex. 7 (Lambert Aff.), Ex. 8 (Smallwood Aff.), Ex. 9 (Wood Aff.). According to Plaintiff, on May 22, 2002, Mr. Vincent “stormed into [his] office at approximately 5:20 p.m. in a hysterical manner and demanded that [Plaintiff] work on days [he] was not previously scheduled to work.” Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 6. Plaintiff claims that he tried to leave his office to avoid a confrontation that might elevate his blood pressure, but Mr. Vincent blocked the doorway and prevented Plaintiff from leaving. Id. Although Mr. Vincent allowed Plaintiff to leave his office to get water, Plaintiff claims that Mr. Vincent followed him to the water cooler and “in a boisterous manner continued to threaten me with disciplinary action, and AWOL if I failed to work on the days Mr. Vincent requested.” Id. Plaintiffs account of the May 22, 2002 incident is contradicted by Ms. Lambert’s EEO affidavit, in which she indicates that Mr. Vincent blocked Plaintiffs path simply by standing in the doorway of Plaintiffs office because it did not have a large walkway. See ROI, Ex. 7 (Lambert Aff.) at 5. Ms. Lambert further states that Mr. Vincent was attempting to get information from Plaintiff about the status of a work assignment and describes Plaintiff as “belligerent.” Id. During his deposition, Mr. Vincent did not recall the May 22, 2002 incident specifically, but explained that because Plaintiffs CWS had been revoked, he would not have been ordering Plaintiff to work on his days off, but rather on days he was required to work under his new schedule. Def.’s Ex. 7 (Vincent Dep.) at 87:5-88:17. To that end, also on May 22, 2002, Mr. Vincent sent Plaintiff an e-mail reminding him that his CWS had been revoked and that he would be charged AWOL if he did not report to work in accordance with his new schedule. ROI, Ex. 17, Attach. T (5/22/02 e-mail from T. Vincent to C. Smith); Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 7; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 7. When Plaintiff did not comply, he was charged with AWOL. Def.’s Stmt. ¶8; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 8. Plaintiff asserts that on June 5, 2002, Mr. Vincent again blocked his path and prevented him from leaving his office. Pl.’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 6. Plaintiff called security, was referred to the Federal Protection Agency, and reported the incident the following morning. Id.; Pl.’s Ex. 9 (6/6/02 Incident Report). Mr. Vincent does not recall the June 5, 2002 incident. Def.’s Ex. 7 (Vincent Dep.) at 96:1-17. Plaintiff claims that Mr. Vincent “threatened” him again on June 12, 2002. PL’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 8. Although Plaintiff does not specify the nature of the “threats,” the Court notes that his other allegations relate to threats of disciplinary action for failure to follow orders. In any event, Plaintiff alleges that he responded to Mr. Vincent’s “threats” by calling a Union representative, who advised Plaintiff to leave with her. PL’s Ex. 4 (Ans. to Interrogs.) at 6-7. Plaintiff states that after this incident he again reported to the health unit where he was found to have elevated blood pressure. Id. at 7. Mr. Vincent does not recall the June 12, 2002 incident. Def.’s Ex. 7 (Vincent Dep.) at 96:1-17. D. Additional Events On May 29, 2002, Plaintiff filed a Step One Union grievance challenging the revocation of his CWS and his AWOL charge, which he described as “blatant disparate treatment.” Defl’s Stmt. ¶ 10; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 10; Def.’s Ex. 15 (5/29/02 Step 1 Grievance). Mr. Vincent eventually denied Plaintiffs Step 1 Grievance on behalf of the Agency on September 9, 2002, see Def.’s Ex. 21 (9/9/02 Mem. from T. Vincent to C. Smith), and Plaintiff admitted in his deposition that neither he nor his Union pursued his grievance beyond Step 1, Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 52:16-53:4. On May 31, 2002, Mr. Vincent issued a Proposal to Suspend Plaintiff for five days on the charges of failure to follow a direct order, failure to follow a proper order, insolent or disrespectful conduct towards his team leader, and absence without leave. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 11; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 11; ROI, Ex. 17 (5/31/02 Proposal to Suspend). Plaintiff responded with a Rebuttal to Proposal to Suspend, in which he addressed Mr. Vincent’s charges by making the same assertions raised in the instant litigation. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 12; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶¶ 11-12; Def.’s Ex. 18 (Rebuttal to Proposal to Suspend). Plaintiff was suspended without pay for two days on August 19 and 20, 2002. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 13; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 13. On an unidentified date prior to June 11, 2002, Plaintiff submitted an Accommodation Request regarding his heart conditions and high blood pressure, in which he asked to be provided with a “Low stress/ non-Hostile environment” and “No lifting, limited walking/stairs.” Pl.’s Ex. 8 (Ac-comm.Request). Despite Mr. Vincent’s apparent rejection of that request and Plaintiffs failure to respond to Mr. Vincent and Mr. Ford’s requests for additional medical information, the SASI contract was eventually reassigned to a lower grade Contract Oversight Specialist. ROI, Ex. 6 (Schade Aff.) at 3. In addition, on June 13, 2002 Plaintiff was temporarily relocated to the ninth floor of the HUD headquarters building and ordered to report to Mr. Schade and to Bernard Morton, the other team leader in the Procurement Management Division. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 18; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 18. During his deposition, Plaintiff admitted that his Division did not have offices on that floor. Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 80:10-11. Plaintiff also testified that he experienced no difficulties working for Mr. Schade and Mr. Morton during June and July 2002, Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 19; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 19; Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 81:23-25, and that he did not have any physical contact with Mr. Vincent during that period, despite the fact that Mr. Vincent sometimes came to the ninth floor. Id. at 82:16-85:21; Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 20; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶20. Plaintiff also had no contact with Ms. Lambert during the period. Id. On July 29, 2002, Plaintiff was advised that he was reassigned to his previous workspace on the second floor, effective August 4, 2002, where Mr. Schade would become his permanent supervisor. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 21; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶21; ROI, Ex. 20 (7/29/02 Mem. from T. Ford to C. Smith). The memo advising Plaintiff of his reassignment specifically stated that he was “to return to [his] original workstation in Room 2220 since that is where [his] supervisor [was] located.” Id. The memo further instructed Plaintiff that his request to no longer report to Ms. Lambert and Mr. Vincent was granted, and that he was “to report directly to Mr. Schade, without any direct contact with [his] former supervisor and Team Leader.” Id. Finally, the memorandum advised Plaintiff that he could return to his CWS and that any AWOL charges after July 14, 2002 would be expunged. Id. Plaintiff did not return to work at his second floor work station. On August 1, 2002, he filed a workers’ compensation claim asserting that he was unable to work due to the agency’s actions that allegedly created a hostile work environment. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 22, Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 22. Plaintiff did not report to work from August 1, 2002 until June 2003. ROI, Ex. 23 (Record of Leave Activity). The Agency issued a response to Plaintiffs workers’ compensation claim on October 29, 2002, Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 23; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶23; ROI, Ex. 22 (10/29/02 Letter from T. Ford to N. Lee), and the Department of Labor’s Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs denied Plaintiffs claim on January 27, 2003, Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 24; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 24; Def.’s Ex. 4 (1/27/03 Letter to C. Smith). On June 4, 2003, Mr. Ford requested that Plaintiff return to work in light of staffing changes in the Procurement Management Division. Def.’s Ex. 3 (6/4/03 Letter from T. Ford to C. Smith). Plaintiff appears to have worked in the Procurement Management Division from June 2003 through August 2004, when he was reassigned to the Records Management Division at HUD. Id.; ROI, Ex. 23 (Record of Leave Activity); Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 105:12-107:18. E. Procedural History Plaintiff first contacted an EEO counsel- or regarding allegations of race, sex, and age discrimination on June 24, 2002. ROI, Ex. 2 (7/31/02 EEO Compl). Plaintiff filed a formal EEO complaint on July 31, 2002, alleging that he was subject to a “blatant pattern of hostility, harassment, discrimination, and disparate treatment” based on his race, sex, and age, when Mr. Vincent threatened him with discipline, revoked his CWS, charged him with AWOL, blocked his path, and proposed a five-day suspension. Id. On July 13, 2005, the Agency issued a Final Decision, finding that Plaintiff was not discriminated against because of his race, sex, or age. Def.’s Ex. 1 (7/13/05 Final Agency Decision). The Agency dismissed Plaintiffs claims relating to the revocation of his CWS and his AWOL charge pursuant to 29 C.F.R. §§ 1614.107(a)(4) and 1614.301(a), because Plaintiff had elected to file a grievance on those issues before he filed his EEO complaint. Id. The Agency further concluded that Plaintiff had failed to sustain his burden of proof on his claims that he was discriminated against or subjected to a hostile work environment when Mr. Vincent blocked his path and proposed a suspension. id. Plaintiff filed his Complaint in this action on October 14, 2005. Defendant filed its motion to dismiss and for summary judgment on May 7, 2007, Plaintiff filed his Opposition on June 7, 2007, and Defendant filed its Reply on June 14, 2007. II: LEGAL STANDARDS A Motion to Dismiss Defendant argues that Plaintiffs legal claims must be dismissed insofar as they are based on the revocation of his CWS and his AWOL charge, because he filed a grievance regarding those claims, and thus was required under 29 C.F.R. § 1614.301 to pursue them through HUD’s negotiated procedures rather than by filing a complaint with the EEOC. Defendant does not specify whether it moves to dismiss those claims under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) or 12(b)(6), and in fact provides legal standards for both rules. See Def.’s Mem. at 9-10. The cases addressing this issue — on which Defendant relies — have considered it under Rule 12(b)(1), and the Court agrees that it relates to Plaintiffs exhaustion of his administrative remedies and thus to the Court’s jurisdiction to entertain Plaintiffs claims. See Rosell v. Wood, 357 F.Supp.2d 123 (D.D.C.2004); Johnson v. Wilson, No. 90-798, 1990 WL 300243 (D.D.C. Nov.13, 1990), aff'd Johnson v. Peterson, 996 F.2d 397 (D.C.Cir.1993). A court must dismiss a case when it lacks subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1). In addressing a motion under Rule 12(b)(1), the Court may “consider the complaint supplemented by undisputed facts evidenced in the record, or the complaint supplemented by undisputed facts plus the court’s resolution of disputed facts.” Coalition for Underground Expansion v. Mineta, 333 F.3d 193, 198 (D.C.Cir.2003) (citations omitted). In so doing, the Court may consider materials outside the pleadings. See Jerome Stevens Pharm., Inc. v. Food & Drug Admin., 402 F.3d 1249, 1253 (D.C.Cir.2005); Artis v. Greenspan, 223 F.Supp.2d 149, 152 n. 1 (D.D.C.2002). “At the motion to dismiss stage, counseled complaints, as well as pro se complaints, are to be construed with sufficient liberality to afford all possible inferences favorable to the pleader on allegations of fact.” Settles v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 429 F.3d 1098, 1106 (D.C.Cir.2005). In spite of the favorable inferences that a plaintiff receives on a motion to dismiss, it remains the plaintiffs burden to prove subject matter jurisdiction by a preponderance of the evidence. Am. Farm Bureau v. Environmental Prot. Agency, 121 F.Supp.2d 84, 90 (D.D.C.2000). B. Motion for Summary Judgment A party is entitled to summary judgment if the pleadings, depositions, and affidavits demonstrate that there is no genuine issue of material fact in dispute and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Tao v. Freeh, 27 F.3d 635, 638 (D.C.Cir.1994). Under the summary judgment standard, Defendant, as the moving party, bears the “initial responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for [its] motion, and identifying those portions of the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits which [it] believe[s] demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Plaintiff, in response to Defendants’ motion, must “go beyond the pleadings and by [his] own affidavits, or depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, ‘designate’ specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Id. at 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548 (internal citations omitted). Although a court should draw all inferences from the supporting records submitted by the nonmoving party, the mere existence of a factual dispute, by itself, is not sufficient to bar summary judgment. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). To be material, the factual assertion must be capable of affecting the substantive outcome of the litigation; to be genuine, the issue must be supported by sufficient admissible evidence that a reasonable trier-of-fact could find for the non-moving party. Laningham v. U.S. Navy, 813 F.2d 1236, 1242-43 (D.C.Cir.1987); Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 251, 106 S.Ct. 2505 (the court must determine “whether the evidence presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a [fact-finder] or whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law”). “If the evidence is merely colorable, or is not sufficiently probative, summary judgment may be granted.” Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 249-50, 106 S.Ct. 2505 (internal citations omitted). “Mere allegations or denials in the adverse party’s pleadings are insufficient to defeat an otherwise proper motion for summary judgment.” Williams v. Callaghan, 938 F.Supp. 46, 49 (D.D.C.1996). The adverse party must do more than simply “show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts.” Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986). Instead, while the movant bears the initial responsibility of identifying those portions of the record that demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact, the burden shifts to the non-movant to “come forward with ‘specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for tried.’ ” Id. at 587, 106 S.Ct. 1348 (citing Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(e)) (emphasis in original). Importantly, “[w]hile summary judgment must be approached with specific caution in discrimination cases, a plaintiff is not relieved of her obligation to support her allegations by affidavits or other competent evidence showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Morgan v. Fed. Home Loan Mortgage Corp., 172 F.Supp.2d 98, 104 (D.D.C.2001), aff'd, 328 F.3d 647 (D.C.Cir.2003); see also Marshall v. James, 276 F.Supp.2d 41, 47 (D.D.C.2003) (special caution “does not eliminate the use of summary judgment in discrimination cases”) (citing cases). “Summary judgment is not a ‘disfavored procedural shortcut,’ but is an integral procedural tool which promotes the speedy and inexpensive resolution of every case.” Marshall, 276 F.Supp.2d at 47 (quoting Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 327, 106 S.Ct. 2548). Accordingly, the Court reviews the defendant’s motion for summary judgment under a “heightened standard” that reflects “special caution.” Aka v. Washington Hosp. Ctr., 116 F.3d 876, 879 (D.C.Cir.1997) (internal quotations omitted), overturned on other grounds, 156 F.3d 1284 (D.C.Cir.1998) (en banc). Nonetheless, while this special standard is more exacting, it is not inherently preclusive. Although more circumspect, the Court will continue to grant a motion for summary judgment in which the nonmoving party has failed to submit evidence that creates a genuine factual dispute and the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Ill: DISCUSSION At the time that Plaintiff filed his Complaint in this action he was proceeding pro se, and his Complaint is somewhat obtuse as to the precise legal claims asserted. Nevertheless, the Court’s review of the Complaint and Plaintiffs Opposition— which accords with Defendant’s interpretation — suggests that Plaintiff is pursuing the following legal claims: (1) disparate treatment discrimination on the basis of race and age; (2) hostile work environment on the basis of race and age; and (3) retaliation based on race and age. Plaintiffs disparate treatment and hostile work environment claims appear to be based on five factual allegations: (1) the revocation of Plaintiffs CWS; (2) Plaintiffs AWOL charge; (3) Mr. Vincent’s alleged attacks on Plaintiffs performance, shouting at Plaintiff and threatening him with disciplinary action; (4) the Proposal to Suspend Plaintiff; and (5) Mr. Vincent’s alleged physical blocking of Plaintiffs path. Plaintiffs retaliation claim is based primarily on his reassignment to his second floor work station. Defendant asserts that Plaintiff cannot assert claims based on the revocation of his CWS and his AWOL charge because he opted to file a grievance on those charges. The Court addresses Defendant’s motion to dismiss on that ground before turning to Defendant’s motion for summary judgment, which relates to all of Plaintiffs claims. A. Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss As set forth above, Plaintiff filed a Step One Union grievance on May 29, 2002 challenging the revocation of his CWS and his AWOL charge, and asserting that the actions constituted “blatant disparate treatment.” Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 10; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 10; Def.’s Ex. 15 (5/29/02 Step 1 Grievance). Defendant asserts that, as a result, Plaintiff was barred from filing an EEO complaint based on those actions. Defendant is correct that under the Civil Service Reform Act (“CSRA”), a federal employee who believes he has been discriminated against and whose agency’s negotiated agreement permits the acceptance of grievances alleging discrimination may file either a grievance or an EEO complaint, but not both. 5 U.S.C. § 7121(d); 29 C.F.R. § 1614.301(a) (2003). An employee who files a timely written grievance irrevocably chooses the negotiated grievance procedure route, and is precluded from filing an EEO complaint on the “same matter.” See Johnson, 996 F.2d at 399; Am. Fed. of Gov’t Employees, Local 2052 v. Reno, 992 F.2d 331, 332 (D.C.Cir.1993). Furthermore, judicial review is only available to an employee alleging a “pure discrimination” claim after he has exhausted his administrative remedies in dealing with his grievance, and appealed the final agency action on his grievance to the EEOC. Plaintiff does not dispute that he filed a grievance regarding the revocation of his CWS and his AWOL charge. Instead, Plaintiff contends that he may nevertheless pursue those claims in this litigation because his grievance alleged “blatant disparate treatment” while his EEO complaint alleged hostile work environment and race and age discrimination “not because of the revocation of his CWS and the AWOL complaints but because of the mistreated [sic] meted out to him by Mr. Vincent.” Pl.’s Opp’n at 18. While Plaintiff thus argues that his EEO complaint and grievance did not involve the “same matter,” his argument is unavailing. In Guerra v. Cuomo, 176 F.3d 547, 550 (D.C.Cir.1999), the D.C. Circuit referred to the following test for determining whether a grievance and complaint cover the “same matter”: “If [the employee] raised a topic in both documents, or if the arbitrators assigned to handle the grievance would necessarily have needed to inquire into a topic in discharging their duties ...,” the same matter is involved (quoting Facha v. Cisneros, 914 F.Supp. 1142, 1149 (E.D.Pa.1996)). The D.C. Circuit further noted that courts have “tended to construe the term ‘matter’ to encompass more than a legal claim and instead to encompass the ‘underlying action’ or the ‘topics’ raised.” Id. (quoting Facha, 914 F.Supp. at 1149 and Bonner v. MSPB, 781 F.2d 202, 204-05 (Fed.Cir.1986)). Interpreting the D.C. Circuit’s guidance in Guerra, in Wood, Judge Richard J. Leon considered whether a grievance and complaint “are rooted in the same factual nucleus” in determining whether they involved the “same matter.” Wood, 357 F.Supp.2d at 131. Applying these tests to the instant case, the Court concludes that Plaintiffs grievance and EEO complaint involve the “same matter” to the extent that they are both rooted in his complaints about the revocation of his CWS and his AWOL charges. While Plaintiff is correct that his EEO complaint contains additional allegations of a hostile work environment created by Mr. Vincent, it also undoubtably addresses the “topics” of his CWS revocation and AWOL charge. See ROI, Ex. 2 (7/31/02 EEO Compl.). Indeed, the remedies that Plaintiff sought in his EEO complaint included restoration of leave that he claimed he was erroneously charged when his CWS was revoked and expungement of all AWOL charges. Id. Further, the ROI makes clear that the EEO investigator in this action “necessarily ... needed to inquire into [the topics of Plaintiffs CWS revocation and AWOL charge] in discharging [her] duties.” Guerra, 176 F.3d at 550. The Court also notes that there is no actual disparity between the legal theories raised in Plaintiffs grievance and his EEO complaint because Plaintiffs EEO complaint alleges a “blatant pattern of ... disparate treatment in the workplace,” ROI, Ex. 2 (7/31/02 EEO Compl.), while his grievance alleges “blatant disparate treatment.” Def.’s Ex. 15 (5/29/02 Step 1 Grievance). Moreover, even if such a discrepancy existed, it would represent a change in legal theories, but would not alter the conclusion that Plaintiffs grievance and EEO complaint relate to the same factual matter. See Wood, 357 F.Supp.2d at 130-31; Guerra, 176 F.3d at 550. While Plaintiffs filing of a grievance regarding his CWS revocation and AWOL charge thus irrevocably committed him to resolving his claims regarding those matters through the negotiated grievance procedure, it is clear that Plaintiff did not exhaust those procedures. HUD’s Negotiated Agreement sets forth a three-step procedure for grievances, which may be followed by arbitration. See Def.’s Ex. 1 (7/13/05 Final Agency Decision) at 2; Ex. 2 (Negotiated Agreement). Following arbitration of a grievance, an employee who has chosen the negotiated grievance procedure may appeal the arbitrator’s decision to the EEOC, and “[o]nly after the EEOC has rendered a decision or failed to do so within 180 days may the employee ... initiate suit in district court.” Johnson, 996 F.2d at 401. During his deposition, Plaintiff admitted that neither he nor his Union pursued his grievance beyond Step 1. Def.’s Ex. 6B (2/27/07 Smith Dep.) at 52:16-53:4. As Plaintiff has not exhausted his administrative remedies, dismissal of his claims regarding his CWS revocation and AWOL charge is appropriate. B. Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment Plaintiffs claims regarding his CWS revocation and AWOL charge, however, are only two of the five factual grounds he asserts support or are encompassed in his claims of disparate treatment discrimination and hostile work environment. The parties do not distinguish between Plaintiffs factual grounds in addressing Defendant’s motion for summary judgment. As such, the Court considers whether, assuming arguendo that Plaintiffs factual allegations regarding his CWS revocation and AWOL charge were not barred, any of his legal claims would survive Defendant’s motion for summary judgment. 1. Plaintiffs Disparate Treatment Claim a. Proper Standards Plaintiffs Complaint alleges that he “is the only employee who suffered the discrimination because he was Black” and thus appears to assert a claim of disparate treatment discrimination under both Title VII and § 1981. See Compl. ¶¶31, 41. Pursuant to Title VII, it is unlawful for an employer “to discharge any individual ... because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(1). Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1981, “[a]ll persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right ... to make and enforce contracts ... as is enjoyed by white citizens. ...” 42 U.S.C. § 1981(a). As amended by the Civil Rights Act of 1991, “ § 1981’s prohibition against racial discrimination in the making and enforcement of contracts applies to all phases and incidents of the contractual relationship.... ” Rivers v. Roadway Express, 511 U.S. 298, 302, 114 S.Ct. 1510, 128 L.Ed.2d 274 (1994). Under either Title VII or § 1981, Plaintiff must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that the actions taken by his employer were “more likely than not based on the consideration of impermissible factors” such as race, ethnicity, or national origin. Tex. Dep’t of Cmty. Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 254, 101 S.Ct. 1089, 67 L.Ed.2d 207 (1981) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). In so doing, “the plaintiff may prove his claim with direct evidence, and absent direct evidence, he may indirectly prove discrimination” under the burden-shifting analysis created by McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Ch"een, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973). Brady v. Livingood, 456 F.Supp.2d 1, 6 (D.D.C. 2006). Where, as here, the record contains no direct evidence of discrimination, it is necessary to apply the McDonnell Douglas tripartite burden-shifting framework. Cones v. Shalala, 199 F.3d 512, 516 (D.C.Cir.2000) (citing McDonnell Douglas, 411 U.S. at 802, 93 S.Ct. 1817). The McDonnell Douglas framework applies to both claims brought under both Title VII and § 1981. Mitchell v. DCX, Inc., 274 F.Supp.2d 33, 45 (D.D.C.2003) (citing Patterson v. McLean Credit Union, 491 U.S. 164, 186, 109 S.Ct. 2363, 105 L.Ed.2d 132 (1989), superseded in part by The Civil Rights Act of 1991); see also Carter v. George Washington Univ., 387 F.3d 872, 878 (D.C.Cir.2004) (McDonnell Douglas framework applies to claims brought pursuant to § 1981). It is the district court’s responsibility to closely adhere to this analysis and go no further, as it does not sit as a “super-personnel department that reexamines an entity’s business decisions.” Fischbach v. D.C. Dep’t of Corr., 86 F.3d 1180, 1183 (D.C.Cir.1996) (internal citation and quotation marks omitted). Under the McDonnell Douglas paradigm, Plaintiff has the initial burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence a prima facie case of discrimination. McDonnell Douglas, 411 U.S. at 802, 93 S.Ct. 1817. If he succeeds, the burden shifts to Defendant to articulate some legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for Plaintiffs termination, and to produce credible evidence supporting its claim. Id. Defendant’s burden is only one of production, and it “need not persuade the court that it was actually motivated by the proffered reasons.” Burdine, 450 U.S. at 254, 101 S.Ct. 1089; see also St. Mary’s Honor Ctr. v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 509, 113 S.Ct. 2742, 125 L.Ed.2d 407 (1993) (“[T]he determination that a defendant has met its burden of production (and has thus rebutted any legal presumption of intentional discrimination) can involve no credibility assessment.”). As such, while “the McDonnell Douglas framework shifts intermediate evidentiary burdens between the parties, [t]he ultimate burden of persuading the trier of fact that the defendant intentionally discriminated against the plaintiff remains at all times with the plaintiff.” Morgan v. Fed. Home Loan Mortgage Corp., 328 F.3d 647, 651 (D.C.Cir.2003), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 881, 124 S.Ct. 325, 157 L.Ed.2d 146 (2003); see also Burdine, 450 U.S. at 253, 101 S.Ct. 1089. If Defendant is successful, “the McDonnell Douglas framework — with its presumptions and burdens — disappears], and the sole remaining issue [is] discrimination vel non.” Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 142-43, 120 S.Ct. 2097, 147 L.Ed.2d 105 (2000) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). At that point, Plaintiff has the burden of persuasion to show that Defendant’s proffered reason was not the true reason for the employment decision. Burdine, 450 U.S. at 256, 101 S.Ct. 1089. Pretext may be established “directly by persuading the court that a discriminatory reason more likely motivated the employer or indirectly by showing that the employer’s proffered explanation is unworthy of credence.” Id. at 256, 101 S.Ct. 1089; see also Reeves, 530 U.S. at 143, 120 S.Ct. 2097. “Proof that the defendant’s explanation is unworthy of credence is simply one form of circumstantial evidence that is probative of intentional discrimination, and it may be quite persuasive.” Reeves, 530 U.S. at 147, 120 S.Ct. 2097 (citing St. Mary’s Honor Ctr., 509 U.S. at 517, 113 S.Ct. 2742) (“[Proving the employer’s reason false becomes part of (and often considerably assists) the greater enterprise of proving that the real reason was intentional discrimination.”); see also Aka v. Washington Hosp. Ctr., 156 F.3d 1284, 1290 (D.C.Cir.1998) (en banc) (“[A] plaintiffs discrediting of an employer’s stated reason for its employment decision is entitled to considerable weight.”). Notably, the Supreme Court has taken care to instruct trial courts that “a plaintiffs prima facie case, combined with sufficient evidence to find that the employer’s justification is false, may permit the trier of fact to conclude that the employer unlawfully discriminated.” Reeves, 530 U.S. at 148, 120 S.Ct. 2097. The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has distilled this analysis, noting that the fact-finder can infer discrimination from the combination of: (1) the plaintiffs prima, facie case; (2) any evidence the plaintiff presents to attack the employer’s proffered explanation for its actions; and (3) any further evidence of discrimination that may be available to the plaintiff (such as independent evidence of discriminatory statements or attitudes on the part of the employer) or any contrary evidence that may be available to the employer (such as evidence of a strong record in equal opportunity employment). Aka, 156 F.3d at 1289. However, evidence in each of the three categories is not required. Id. “At this stage, if [plaintiff] is unable to adduce evidence that could allow a reasonable trier of fact to conclude that [defendant’s] proffered reason was a pretext for discrimination, summary judgment must be entered against [plaintiff].” Paquin v. Fed. Nat’l Mortgage Ass’n, 119 F.3d 23, 27-28 (D.C.Cir.1997). “[T]he court must consider all the evidence in its full context in deciding whether the plaintiff has met his burden of showing that a reasonable [fact-finder] could conclude that he has suffered discrimination.” Aka, 156 F.3d at 1290. b. Application of the McDonnell Douglas Analysis Plaintiffs Opposition focuses on the revocation of his CWS, his AWOL charge, and the Proposal to Suspend as grounds for his disparate treatment claim. See Pl.’s Opp’n at 20. At the outset, the Court notes that Defendant has already articulated a legitimate non-discriminatory reason for each of these actions, in Mr. Vincent’s April 30, 2002 memorandum revoking Plaintiffs CWS, see ROI, Ex. 14, and May 31, 2002 Proposal to Suspend, which includes the grounds for Plaintiffs AWOL charge, id., Ex. 17. As the D.C. Circuit recently reiterated in Czekalski v. Peters, 475 F.3d 360, 364 (D.C.Cir.2007), “once a defendant has proffered such a nondiscriminatory explanation, it has ‘done everything that would be required of [it] if the plaintiff had properly made out a prima facie case.’ ” Id. (quoting U.S. Postal Serv. Bd. of Governors v. Aikens, 460 U.S. 711, 715, 103 S.Ct. 1478, 75 L.Ed.2d 403 (1983)). Thus, whether Plaintiff actually made out a pri-ma facie case “ ‘is no longer relevant,’ and the only question is ‘whether the defendant intentionally discriminated against the plaintiff.’ ” Id. Nevertheless, the Court evaluates Plaintiffs prima facie case because, as noted above, it “ ‘is part of the evidence [the Court] must consider in addressing the question’ of whether [Plaintiff] has created a genuine issue of [religious or national origin] discrimination.” Id. (quoting George v. Leavitt, 407 F.3d 405, 413 (D.C.Cir.2005)). Plaintiff claims disparate treatment discrimination, and thus makes out a prima facie case “ ‘by establishing that: (l)[he] is a member of a protected class; (2)[he] suffered an adverse employment action; and (3) the unfavorable action gives rise to an inference of discrimination.’ ” Id. (quoting George, 407 F.3d at 412); see also Stella v. Mineta, 284 F.3d 135, 145 (D.C.Cir.2002). As an African-American over 40 years of age, Plaintiff is a member of a protected class under Title VII, § 1981, and the ADEA. Defendant does not challenge whether Plaintiffs CWS revocation, AWOL charge, and Proposal to Suspend constitute adverse employment actions, and the Court therefore assumes as much arguendo. See Pl.’s Opp’n at 20; Def.’s Mem. at 21. Defendant focuses his attention on whether Plaintiff can establish the third prong of his prima facie case. Def.’s Mem. at 21. Plaintiff may do so by “demonstrating that [he] was treated differently from similarly situated employees who are not part of the protected class,” George, 407 F.3d at 412, or may show that “the discharge was not attributable to the two [most] common legitimate reasons for discharge: performance below the employer’s legitimate expectations or the elimination of the plaintiffs position altogether,” id. Defendant correctly argues that Plaintiff “has failed to produce any evidence that he was treated differently than other similarly situated employees not within [his] protected groups when his CWS was revoked, when he was charged AWOL ..., or when he was issued a proposed suspension.” Def.’s Mem. at 21. To show that another individual is similarly situated, Plaintiff must “demonstrate that all of the relevant aspects of their employment situation are nearly identical.” Childs-Pierce v. Util. Workers Union of Am., 383 F.Supp.2d 60, 73 (D.D.C.2005) (citing Phillips v. Holladay Prop. Servs., 937 F.Supp. 32, 37 (D.D.C.1996), aff'd Phillips v. Holladay Corp., No. 96-7202, 1997 WL 411695 (D.C.Cir. Jun.19, 1997); Neuren v. Adduci, Mastriani, Meeks & Schill, 43 F.3d 1507, 1513-14 (D.C.Cir.1995), aff'd No. 05-7121, 2006 WL 1878891 (D.C.Cir. Jun.27, 2006)). Thus, “the co-workers must have dealt with the same supervisor, have been subject to the same standards and have engaged in the same conduct ....” Id. Here, Plaintiff alleges that he “was the only employee that Mr. Vincent mistreated,” and that he has therefore shown per se that he was treated differently than other similarly situated employees. Pl.’s Opp’n at 20. However, Plaintiff fails to specifically identify even one comparator, i.e., another employee to whom he was similarly situated as a matter of law. Without even the identification of an alleged comparator, the Court cannot determine that Plaintiffs “employment situation [was] nearly identical” to any other employee’s. Moreover, it is doubtful that Plaintiff could identify a similarly situated employee because “Plaintiffs [own] disciplinary history with defendant [may be] a relevant factor that distinguishes [him].” Childs-Pierce, 383 F.Supp.2d at 75. The record is entirely devoid of evidence that any other employee experienced the type of difficulty in completing an assignment that management believed Plaintiff was encountering, disregarded a direct order as to work schedule, or exhibited what management perceived as insubordination. The record in the instant case is silent as to whether Plaintiffs position has been eliminated. Nevertheless, although Plaintiff does not argue as much, he might meet the third element of his prima facie case by demonstrating that he did not perform below Defendant’s legitimate expectations. See George, 407 F.3d at 412. The Court interprets the gist of Plaintiffs allegations to be that he was living up to management’s expectations for his position. As such, Plaintiff might succeed-albeit barely-in making out a prima facie case of disparate treatment discrimination. As the D.C. Circuit has instructed, the Court makes “these points on the prima facie case not to evade the ultimate question of discrimination vel non, but rather because [Plaintiffs] prima facie case is part of the evidence [the Court] must consider in addressing that question.” Czekalski, 475 F.3d at 366 (quoting George, 407 F.3d at 413). In response to Plaintiffs claim that his CWS revocation, AWOL charge, and Proposal to Suspend represented disparate treatment discrimination, Defendant points to the legitimate, nondiscriminatory reasons that are encapsulated in Mr. Vincent’s memorandum and Proposal to Suspend. According to Defendant: Plaintiffs CWS schedule was changed because he failed to complete his [SASI contract] assignment by the due date and failed to adjust his schedule to see that it was completed on time. Plaintiff was charged with AWOL because he ignored management’s revocation of his CWS and continued to work on the schedule he preferred. The proposed suspension was because Plaintiff failed to follow a direct order, failed to complete an assignment, failed to report to work consistent with the new work schedule, and because he was insolent and disrespectful towards his team leader. Def.’s Mem. at 22; ROI, Ex. 14 (4/30/02 Mem. from T. Vincent to C. Smith); ROI, Ex. 17 (5/31/02 Proposal to Suspend). Defendant thus succeeds in meeting its burden of production under the McDonnell Douglas test by offering a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for Plaintiffs termination. Given these credible, legitimate nondiscriminatory factors identified by Defendant, Plaintiff now must seize the “opportunity to discredit the employer’s explanation,” Aka, 156 F.3d at 1288, by demonstrating that the proffered reasons are a mere pretext for discrimination, see Paquin, 119 F.3d at 26-27. As always, Plaintiff retains the “ultimate burden of persuading the court that [he] has been the victim of intentional discrimination.” Burdine, 450 U.S. at 256, 101 S.Ct. 1089. However, “one way for a plaintiff to show that an adverse employment decision was made for a discriminatory reason is to show that the nondiscriminatory explanation the defendant proffered for its decision was false.” Czekalski, 475 F.3d at 366 (citations omitted). Plaintiffs Opposition—in which he devotes a scant paragraph to his disparate treatment claim— baldly asserts that he has established pretext, but completely fails to cite to any record evidence to show that the Mr. Vincent’s asserted reasons are false and that his decisions were actually based on Plaintiffs race or age. Significantly, the Court is without authority to “ ‘second guess an employer’s personnel decision absent demonstrably discriminatory motive.’ ” Fischbach, 86 F.3d at 1183 (quoting Milton v. Weinberger, 696 F.2d 94, 100 (D.C.Cir.1982)). As a result, “[o]nce the employer has articulated a non-discriminatory explanation for its action ... the issue is not ‘the correctness or desirability of the reasons offered ... but whether the employer honestly believes in the reasons it offers.’ ” Id. (quoting McCoy v. WGN Continental Broadcasting Co., 957 F.2d 368, 373 (7th Cir.1992)). Plaintiff does not proffer any evidence that Mr. Vincent did not honestly believe that he was justified in revoking Plaintiffs CWS after he failed to complete the SASI assignment by the due date, in charging Plaintiff AWOL when he did not report to work according to his new schedule, and in proposing to suspend Plaintiff based on his work performance. Nor does Plaintiffs prima facie case indicate evidence of pretext; as discussed above, Plaintiff does not point to any similarly situated individual treated differently, establish that his position was not eliminated, or establish that he was living up to his employer’s expectations. In contrast, the Court notes that evidence of a strong record in equal opportunity employment may be considered on the ultimate issue of discrimination vel non. Aka, 156 F.3d at 1289. Here, as noted above, Plaintiffs former colleagues, who are members of Plaintiffs protected classes, disavow any belief that Mr. Vincent treated anyone adversely based on a racial or age-related bias. See generally, ROI, Ex. 7 (Lambert Aff.) (Ms. Lambert is a Black female and was over 40 years old at the time); Ex. 8 (Smallwood Aff.) (Mr. Smallwood is a Black male who was 50 years old); and Ex. 9 (Wood Aff.) (Ms. Wood is from the Philippines and was 51 years old). Further, the Court notes that in his deposition, Mr. Vincent testified that, of his twenty-five employees, approximately twenty were black. At bottom, Plaintiff offers only his own speculation that his CWS revocation, AWOL charge, and Proposal to Suspend were motivated by race and age discrimination. However, Plaintiff has not proffered any evidence upon which a reasonable trier of fact could conclude that the legitimate non-discriminatory reasons Defendant offers for Plaintiffs CWS revocation, AWOL charge, and Proposal to Suspend are pretext. As such, Defendant is entitled to summary judgment on that claim. 2. Plaintiff’s Hostile Work Environment Claim Age-based hostile work environment claims are analyzed under the same standard' as Title VII hostile work environment claims. Gustave-Schmidt v. Chao, 360 F.Supp.2d 105, 108 n. 1, 120 (D.D.C.2004). Thus, to establish his claim of a hostile work environment, Plaintiff must demonstrate that: (1) he is a member of a protected class; (2) he was subjected to unwelcome harassment; (3) the harassment occurred because of the plaintiffs protected status; (4) the harassment affected a term, condition, or privilege of employment; and (5) the employer knew or should have known of the harassment in question but nonetheless failed to either take steps to prevent it or afford the plaintiff prompt remedial action. See Baloch v. Norton, 355 F.Supp.2d 246, 259 (D.D.C.2005) (citing cases); Gustave-Schmidt, 360 F.Supp.2d at 120. In determining whether a hostile work environment exists, the Supreme Court has directed the courts to look at the totality of the circumstances, including “ ‘the frequency of the discriminatory conduct; its severity; whether it is physically threatening or humiliating, or a mere offensive utterance; and whether it unreasonably interferes with an employee’s work performance.” Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 524 U.S. 775, 787-88, 118 S.Ct. 2275, 141 L.Ed.2d 662 (1998) (quoting Harris v. Forklift Sys., Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 23, 114 S.Ct. 367, 126 L.Ed.2d 295 (1993)). While the plaintiff is not required to plead a prima facie case of hostile work environment in the complaint, the alleged facts must be able to support such a claim. See Sparrow v. United Air Lines, Inc., 216 F.3d 1111, 1114 (D.C.Cir.2000). The Supreme Court has held that a hostile work environment exists only “[w]hen the workplace is permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule and insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim’s employment and create an abusive working environment.” Harris, 510 U.S. at 22, 114 S.Ct. 367 (quotation omitted). In addition, the Supreme Court has circumscribed the definition of a hostile work environment so that “[tjhese standards for judging hostility are sufficiently demanding to ensure that Title VII does not become a ‘general civility code.’ ” Faragher, 524 U.S. at 788, 118 S.Ct. 2275 (citations omitted). Indeed, these standards are intended to “filter out complaints attacking ‘the ordinary tribulations of the workplace, such as the sporadic use of abusive language, gender-related jokes, and occasional teasing.’ ” Id. (citations omitted). “Even a few isolated incidents of offensive conduct do not amount to actionable harassment.” Stewart v. Evans, 275 F.3d 1126, 1134 (D.C.Cir.2002). Here, Plaintiff “statefs] that Mr. Vincent, called plaintiff into his office numerous times a day, repeatedly called him on the phone, constantly sent him emails, changed his CWS, charged him with AWOL and physically blocked his path when he sought to leave the office.” Pl.’s Opp’n at 19. Defendant, in turn, argues that these allegations, “even if believed to be true, [are] simply not severe or pervasive enough to be considered harassment.” Def.’s Mem. at 18. As an initial matter, the Court notes that insofar as Plaintiff attempts to base his hostile work environment claim on his CWS revocation and AWOL charge, he cannot simply regurgitate his disparate treatment clai