Full opinion text
MEMORANDUM OPINION COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY, District Judge. Plaintiff, Ralph Schoenman, a political activist and author, filed the above-captioned action pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), 5 U.S.C. § 552, and the Privacy Act of 1974 (“Privacy Act” or “PA”), 5 U.S.C. § 552a, seeking access to an array of records pertaining to himself, Lord Bertrand Russell, and six organizations, from a total of ten different named agencies and a number of unnamed agencies to which the named agencies might refer documents for a determination as to releasability (identified as “John Doe Agencies 1-10” in Plaintiffs Complaint). Plaintiffs Complaint named as Defendants: the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”), the Central Intelligence Agency (“CIA”), the Defense Intelligence Agency (“DIA”), the Department of the Air Force (“Air Force”), the Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the Department of the Army (“Army”), the Department of the Navy (“Navy”), the Department of State (“State Department”), the National Archives and Records Administration (“NARA”), the National Security Agency (“NSA”), and John Doe Agencies 1-10. Compl. at 1 & ¶ 13. In a Memorandum Opinion and Order dated March 31, 2006, the Court dismissed Plaintiffs Complaint against Defendants CIA, NARA, NSA, Air Force, Army, and Navy because Plaintiff either could not show that the agencies had received his FOIA/PA requests or could not show that he had exhausted his administrative remedies as to the agencies. See generally Schoenman v. FBI, Civ. A. No. 04-2202, 2006 WL 1126813 (D.D.C. Mar. 31, 2006). By Memorandum Opinion and Order dated June 5, 2006, the Court dismissed without prejudice certain portions of Plaintiffs Complaint against the FBI and the State Department. See generally Sehoenman v. FBI, Civ. A. No. 04-2202, 2006 WL 1582253 (D.D.C. Jun. 5, 2006). The Defendants with remaining obligations to process documents in response to Plaintiffs request did so. Those Defendants, along with the agencies to whom they have referred documents for releasability determinations, have now begun moving for summary judgment, and Plaintiff has filed cross-motions for summary judgment. This Memorandum Opinion addresses only the Motion for Summary Judgment filed on behalf of the DIA, the Air Force, the Army, the Navy, and the Criminal Division of the DOJ (“Criminal Division”) (collectively, the “Five Defendants”), as well as Plaintiffs Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment. See Mem. of Pts. and Auths. in Support of Mot. for Summ. J. on Behalf of Five Defs. (hereinafter “Five Defs.’ MSJ”); Mem. of Pts. and Auths. in Support of PL’s Cross-Mot. for Summ. J. and in Opp’n to the Pending Mots, for Summ. J. by Defs. Dep’ts. Army, Air Force, Navy, and the DIA (hereinafter “PL’s Cross-MSJ”). Other motions for summary judgment either are not yet ripe, or will be addressed separately in subsequent opinions. As to the subject of this Memorandum Opinion— the cross-motions for summary judgment pending with respect to the Five Defendants — Plaintiffs Cross-Motion withdraws his request for the one document referred to the Criminal Division, the information that the DIA has withheld under FOIA Exemption 3, and the information that the Navy has withheld under FOIA Exemption 2. See PL’s Cross-MSJ at 1, 6. As such, the Court does not consider those withholdings in this Memorandum Opinion, and shall GRANT the Five Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment insofar as it pertains to the Criminal Division. With respect to the remaining issues, the Court concludes that Defendants DIA, Army, and Air Force have met their obligations under the FOIA and the Privacy Act. In light of the Court’s previous partial dismissal of Plaintiffs Complaint, of the Five Defendants, only the DIA had an independent obligation to comply with Plaintiffs FOIA/PA request, and the DIA has shown that it conducted an adequate search for documents. The Army and Air Force were referred documents for releas-ability determinations by other Defendant agencies and they, along with the DIA, have shown that they have properly withheld material under various exemptions to the FOIA and have released all reasonably segregable material. Defendant Navy was also referred documents for review by the DIA and the FBI; however, the Court cannot reach a determination on the cross-motions for summary judgment as to the Navy because the Navy has not established the application of FOIA Exemption 7(C) to information withheld from one document. Accordingly, the Court shall GRANT-IN-PART the Five Defendants’ [39] Motion for Summary Judgment insofar as it relates to the Criminal Division, DIA, Air Force, and Army, and shall DENY-IN-PART Plaintiffs [43] Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment as to those same Defendants. Further, the Court shall HOLD-IN-ABEYANCE both the Five Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment and Plaintiffs Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment, insofar as each relates to the Navy, and shall order the Navy to provide additional factual support for its invocation of FOIA Exemption 7(C), consistent with the discussion below and the accompanying Order. If the Navy does not provide such additional factual support, the Court shall grant Plaintiffs Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment as to the Navy, and shall deny the Five Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment as it relates to the Navy. I: BACKGROUND In the interest of clarity, the Court discusses the relevant factual background with respect to of the Five Defendants in a separate subsection. As Plaintiff has withdrawn his request for the document referred to the Criminal Division, see Pl.’s Cross-MSJ at 1, the Court does not discuss the facts relevant to that withholding. Instead, the Court focuses on the other four Defendants at issue in the pending cross-motions for summary judgment. A The Defense Intelligence Agency The DIA is a component of the Department of Defense, and its “mission is to collect, analyze, and provide intelligence on the military capabilities of foreign military forces to the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the other components of the Department of Defense.” See Decl. of Brian S. Kinsey, Chief of the FOIA Staff, DIA (hereinafter “Kinsey Decl.”), filed in support of Five Defs.’ MSJ, ¶ 3. According to Mr. Kinsey, in light of its mission, “the vast majority of [DIA] records are classified in the interests of national security in accordance with Executive Order 12958, as amended.” Id. By letter dated August 26, 2001, Plaintiff, through counsel, submitted a FOIA/PA request to the DIA for all records pertaining to himself, Lord Bertrand Russell, and several organizations that Plaintiff and Russell were associated with. Kinsey Dec. ¶ 4 & Ex. A. The DIA sent an acknowledgment of its receipt of Plaintiffs request to his counsel on August 30, 2001. Id. ¶ 4. In December 2001, the DIA initiated a search for responsive records in its research and reference resource library, as well as in other offices within the DIA that the agency concluded might hold responsive records. Id. ¶ 5. These included the offices of Security (DAC), Inspector General (IG), Human Resources (HC), Joint Military Intelligence College (MC), and Directorate of Operations (DO). Id. The DIA searched all electronic databases dating back to 1987, searched the database to hardcopy files dating from 1965 to 1987, and searched the database of finished intelligence products from 1965 to the present. Id. ¶ 6. In performing its search, the DIA used the following search terms: Ralph Schoen-man, Bertrand Russell; American Foundation for Social Justice; Atlantic Peace Foundation; Studies in the Third World; Campaign of Nuclear Disarmament; Committee of 100; The Vietnam Solidarity Campaign; The Spokesman; The “Save Greece Now” Committee; American Workers and Artists for Solidarity; The Committee for Artistic and Intellectual Freedom of Iran; The Committee in Defense of the Palestinian Campaign; The Week; The Council of Human Needs; Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation; Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, New York; International War Crimes Tribunal; Who Killed Kennedy Committee; Bertrand Russell Research Center; and Citizens Commission of Inquiry. Id. ¶ 7. The DIA’s search methods varied by database and both boolean and key words were used to search the databases. Id. ¶ 8. The DIA searched databases with indexed listings for each holding electronically using the key terms noted above. Id. When a search registered a “hit,” the DIA examined the corresponding hardcopy document to determine its responsiveness to Plaintiffs request. Id. In addition, the DIA ordered some documents from The Washington National Records Center, a facility that provides records management services to headquarters and field offices of Federal agencies located in the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, and reviewed those records for responsiveness. Id. The DIA initially identified 139 documents (consisting of 816 pages) as responsive to Plaintiffs request, none of which pertained to Plaintiff himself. See id. ¶ 11 & Tab A (DIA Vaughn Index); Five Defs.’ Stmt. ¶ 12. The searches conducted by DIA elements DAC, IG, DAH, MC, and DO produced no documents responsive to Plaintiffs request, and each element provided a negative response. Kinsey Deck ¶ 10. The DIA’s review of the 139 documents identified as responsive to Plaintiffs request revealed that only two documents (consisting of six pages) were DIA records. Id. ¶ 11. The remaining 137 documents were referred to the following agencies on June 30, 2005: the Air Force; the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (USAINSCOM); the Navy; the State Department; and the CIA. Id. The CIA subsequently determined that one of the documents referred to it by the DIA duplicated another referred document, and that a second referred document duplicated a document included in the CIA’s response to Plaintiffs request. Id. Accordingly, the DIA now identifies the total number of responsive documents as 137, including the two DIA documents and 135 documents referred to other agencies. Id. By letter dated October 14, 2005, the DIA sent Plaintiffs attorney a partial release of records. See id. ¶ 12 & Ex. B. The DIA advised Plaintiff that it had not located any responsive records regarding Plaintiff himself, but had located 139 documents responsive to the other subjects of Plaintiffs request, and had referred 137 of those documents to other government agencies for review and direct response to Plaintiff. Id. ¶ 12. The DIA also provided Plaintiff with a partial release of the two DIA documents, withholding portions of the documents under FOIA Exemptions 1, 2, and 3, 5 U.S.C. §§ 552(b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3). Id. As noted above, Plaintiff has withdrawn his request for the information that the DIA withheld under FOIA Exemption 3, and the Court therefore does not describe that withholding herein. According to Mr. Kinsey’s Declaration, the first DIA document, DIA Document Number One, was classified as CONFIDENTIAL, falls under the responsibility of the Directorate for Human Intelligence (DH), and was therefore “reviewed by an individual from that directorate who possesses the requisite classification authority.” Id. ¶ 13. The second DIA document, DIA Document Number Two, is UNCLASSIFIED, and was also reviewed by the DH as it falls under that directorate’s responsibility. Id. The DIA supports its withholding of information from DIA Document Number One with the Declaration of William B. Huntington, Deputy Director for Human Intelligence for the DIA (hereinafter “Huntington Declaration”). Mr. Huntington avers that he has served with the DIA in various positions since 1979, that “[h]aving worked in U.S. intelligence for over 25 years, [he] can identify classified material related to U.S. intelligence activities,” and that he is “responsible for complying with Executive Branch and departmental policies for classifying and safeguarding national security information.” Huntington Deck ¶ 2. He specifically avers that he “exercise[s] Original Classification Authority under the provisions of Section 1.3 of Executive Order 12958, as amended by Executive Order 13292,” and that this authority was delegated to him by the Director of the DIA. Id. Mr. Huntington’s conclusion that the DIA properly classified and withheld portions of DIA Document Number One pursuant to Executive Order 12,958 and FOIA Exemption 1 are addressed in the discussion section below. In addition to withholding information from Document Number One under FOIA Exemption 1, the DIA withheld portions of DIA Documents Numbers One and Two under FOIA Exemption 2. Kinsey Deck ¶ 21. The withheld information includes “office symbols, internal document or messaging codes, routing directions and telephone identifiers of U.S. government agencies and offices engaged in the collection of foreign intelligence information,” as well as the “intelligence information report (IIR) number and administrative number assigned to the preparer of the IIR.” Id. ¶ 21. Mr. Kinsey avers that “[a]ll reasonably segregable portions” of DIA Document Number One and Document Number Two were released to Plaintiff on October 14, 2005. Id. ¶¶ 19, 21, 24. B. Department of the Air Force As noted above, by letter dated June 30, 2005, the DIA referred two documents (consisting of five pages) to the Air Force Office of Special Investigations (“AFOSI”). See Second Decl. of Anne C. Costa, Chief of the Info. Release Branch for Headquarters, AFOSI (hereinafter “Costa Decl.”), submitted in support of Five Defs.’ MSJ, ¶ 5 & Ex. I. “AFOSI is the Air Force’s major investigative service,” and “provides professional investigative service to commanders of all Air Force activities and reports to the Inspector General, Office of the Secretary of the Air Force.” Id. ¶ 1. According to Ms. Costa, “AFOSI’s primary responsibilities are criminal investigations and counterintelligence services.” Id. Ms. Costa’s Declaration describes the two documents referred to AFOSI by the DIA: Air Force Document Number One is a three-page DoD Intelligence Information Report dated December 5, 1966, while Air Force Document Number Two is a two-page DoD Intelligence Information Report dated December 28, 1966. Id. ¶ 4. According to Ms. Costa, these documents originated with AFOSI, but were destroyed in 1982 pursuant to AFOSI’s then retention period of 15 years for counterintelligence briefing records. Id. ¶5. Ms. Costa explains that the DIA initially referred the documents to the FOIA Office at the 11th Communications Squadron, The Pentagon, Washington, DC, which, in turn, referred the documents to AFOSI. Id. Ms. Costa then referred Air Force Document Number One to [¶] AFOSI Directorate of Operations (“HQ AFOSI/XO”) for a declassification review because it was classified CONFIDENTIAL. Id. ¶6. In its initial review, [¶] AFOSI/XO determined that Air Force Document Number One was still classified CONFIDENTIAL, and the Air Force therefore withheld Air Force Document Number One in its entirety in its initial March 21, 2007 response to Plaintiff. Id. & Ex. B. In that same response, the Air Force released in part Air Force Document Number Two to Plaintiff, withholding the names of four Air Force members, along with the Air Force serial numbers for two of them and the off-base home address and assignment for one of them, pursuant to FOIA Exemptions 6 and 7(C), 5 U.S.C. §§ 552(b)(6) and (b)(7)(C). Id. ¶ 10 & Ex. B. [¶] AFOSI/XO subsequently reviewed Air Force Document Number One in order to prepare a declaration explaining the classification and determined that, with the exception of one sentence, Air Force Document Number One could be declassified. Id. ¶ 7. The Air Force therefore provided Plaintiff with a supplemental release of Air Force Document Number One by letter dated August 16, 2007. Id. & Ex. 8. The Air Force continued to withhold one remaining classified sentence from Air Force Document Number One pursuant to FOIA Exemption 1, 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(1), id. ¶¶ 7-8, and also withheld the names of three Air Force members, pursuant to FOIA Exemptions 6 and 7(C), 5 U.S.C. §§ 552(b)(6) and (b)(7)(C), id. ¶ 9. The Air Force’s justifications for its withholdings— provided in Ms. Costa’s Declaration as well as the Declaration and Second Declaration of Michael L. Bietsch, the Deputy Director of Operations for Headquarters, AFOSI— are addressed in the discussion section below. Finally, in her Declaration, Ms. Costa avers that AFOSI has “released all reasonably segregable portions of [Air Force Document Number One and Air Force Document Number Two] to plaintiff.” Costa Decl. ¶ 11. C. Department of the Navy As noted above, by letter dated June 30, 2005, the DIA referred one three-page document to the Navy for review. See Decl. of Lieut. Comm. Nieva M.S. Brock, Judge Advocate General’s Corps, United States Navy (hereinafter “Brock Decl.”), submitted in support of Five Defs.’ MSJ, ¶ 4. Lieutenant Commander Brock explains that Navy Document Number One originated with NCIS, and that the three pages of the Document are numbered 143 through 145. Id. The history of the Navy’s withholding of information from Navy Document Number One is tortured, and ultimately irrelevant, because Plaintiff has withdrawn his request for the information withheld from the Document. See Pl.’s Resp. to Def. Dept. of Navy’s Suppl. Mot. for Summ. J., Docket No. [69]; PL’s Cross-MSJ at 6. The Court therefore does not consider the propriety of the Navy’s withholding of information from Navy Document Number One in this Memorandum Opinion. On February 8, 2007, the FBI referred a three-page document, entitled “FBI FOI/PA #963707 Re: Citizens Commission of Inquiry,” to the Navy for review. Id. ¶ 7. As Navy Document Number Two was classified as CONFIDENTIAL, it was forwarded to an NCIS Lead Investigations Review Specialist for declassification review. Id. The declassification review was completed on June 21, 2007, and Navy Document Number Two was partially declassified. Id. ¶ 8. By letter dated August 13, 2007, the Navy provided Plaintiff with a partial release of Navy Document Number Two, withholding information pursuant to FOIA Exemptions 1 and 7(C), 5 U.S.C. §§ 552(b)(1) and (b)(7)(C). Id. ¶¶7, 9 & Ex. 2. In particular, on the first page of Navy Document Number Two, the Navy withheld the name of the individual who prepared the investigative report under Exemption 7(C), id. ¶ 15, and redacted the “Comment” section to protect the identity of an NCIS special agent, id. On the second page of Navy Document Number Two, the Navy withheld an entire paragraph pursuant to FOIA Exemptions 1 and 7(C) to protect the identity of a confidential informant for the FBI. Id. ¶ 16. Finally, on the last page of Navy Document Number Two, the Navy withheld personal identifiers of the individuals who wrote, reviewed, and approved the investigative report. Id. ¶ 17. NCIS subsequently conducted another review of Navy Document Number Two and determined that FOIA Exemption 1 is no longer applicable to the document. Suppl. Decl. of Lt. Comm. Brock, submitted in support of Five Defs.’ Opp’n/Reply, ¶ 9. Accordingly, the Navy provided Plaintiff with a supplemental release of Navy Document Number Two that included all information previously withheld under FOIA Exemption 1. Id. & Ex. 3. The Navy continues to withhold information from Navy Document Number Two under FOIA Exemption 7(C), including the name of an of NCIS Special Agent and the names of the individuals who prepared, reviewed, and approved the investigative report at issue; however, this is the only remaining withholding by the Navy. Id. ¶ 9. D. Department of the Army The Army processed four sets of documents related to Plaintiffs FOIA/PA request: (1) a request dated July 17, 2002 for a “copy of the Army’s notification to the President required by E.O. 12958” (referred to as USAINSCOM CASE NUMBER 816F-02); (2) a four-page referral from the DIA dated June 30, 2005 (referred to as USAINSCOM CASE NUMBER 834F-05); (3) a twenty-seven page referral from the FBI dated June 13, 2002 (referred to as USAINSCOM CASE NUMBER 705F-02, hereinafter the “First FBI Referral”); and (4) a twenty-two page referral from the FBI dated February 8, 2007 (referred to as USAINSCOM CASE NUMBER 237F-07, hereinafter the “Second FBI Referral”). See Decl. of Susan J. Butterfield (hereinafter “Butterfield Decl.”), submitted in support of Five Defs.’ MS J, ¶¶ 2, 3, 6, 8,14. By letter dated July 17, 2002, Plaintiff requested a “copy of the Army’s notification to the President required by E.O. 12958.” Id. ¶3 & Ex. 1. The FOI/PO of USAINSCOM located a twenty-two page document in response to this request, and the Army provided Plaintiff with a final response on September 9, 2002. Id. ¶ 3 & Ex. 2. Initially, the Army released in full one page to Plaintiff, and withheld twenty-one pages in their entirety pursuant to FOIA Exemption 2. Id. ¶ 4. Thereafter, on August 29, 2007, USAINSCOM conducted a second review of the withheld pages and, as a result, the Army released all of the previously withheld pages in full to Plaintiff. Id. ¶ 5 & Ex. 3. As such, no issue remains as to this request. By letter dated June 30, 2005, the DIA referred four pages to the FOI/PO of USAINSCOM. Id. ¶ 6 & Ex. 4. Ms. But-terfield avers that, in accordance with Executive Order 12,958, USAINSCOM conducted a mandatory declassification review of the four pages and determined that the responsive information no longer required security classification protection. Id. ¶ 7. Accordingly, by letter dated September 7, 2005, the Army released the responsive information to Plaintiff in its entirety and informed Plaintiff that the remaining information was considered non-responsive to his request. Id. ¶¶ 6-7. Again, no issue remains as to this referral. By letter dated June 13, 2002, the FBI referred twenty-seven (27) pages of records pertaining to the Citizens Commission of Inquiry (the “First FBI Referral”) to the FOI/PO of USAINSCOM. Id. ¶ 8; Ex. 6. Ms. Butterfield’s Supplemental Declaration avers that a mandatory declassification review of the First FBI Referral was conducted. Butterfield Suppl. Decl. ¶¶ 2, 4. By letter dated June 24, 2002, the Army provided Plaintiff with a partial release of the First FBI Referral, releasing in full fourteen (14) pages. Butterfield Decl. ¶¶ 8-9 & Ex. 9. Of the remaining thirteen (13) pages, the Army released in part seven (7) pages, and withheld in full six (6) pages, pursuant to FOIA Exemption 1 on the grounds that the withheld information would reveal intelligence activities (including special activities) or intelligence sources or methods. Id. Ms. But-terfield’s Declaration explains the specific reasons for the Army’s invocation of FOIA Exemption 1, and avers that a line-by-line review of the First FBI Referral was conducted and that all nonexempt, reasonably segregable information was released to Plaintiff. Id. ¶¶ 12-14. By letter dated July 17, 2002, Plaintiff appealed the Army’s withholdings from the First FBI Referral. Id. ¶ 8 & Ex. 1. The FOI/PO of USAINSCOM acknowledged receipt of Plaintiffs appeal on August 8, 2002, and informed Plaintiff that his appeal had been forwarded to the Army’s Office of the General Counsel for adjudication. Id. ¶ 8 & Ex. 8. By letter dated May 11, 2004, the Army’s Office of the General Counsel affirmed USAINSCOM’s with-holdings pursuant to FOIA Exemption 1. Id. ¶ 8 & Ex. 9. USAINSCOM conducted a second review of the First FBI Referral on November 27, 2007. Suppl. Butter-field Decl. ¶ 6. As a result of this review, the Army released segregable portions of pages 23 and 25 through 27 of the First FBI Referral to Plaintiff by letter dated December 3, 2007. Id. & Ex. A. By letter dated February 8, 2007, the FBI referred an additional twenty-two pages of records pertaining to the Citizens Commission of Inquiry (the “Second FBI Referral”) to the FOI/PO of USAINS-COM. Butterfield Decl. 1Í14 & Ex. 11. On February 22, 2007, the Army provided Plaintiff with a partial release of the Second FBI Referral, releasing in full six (6) pages. Id. ¶¶ 14-15 & Ex. 12. The Army withheld in part thirteen (13) pages under FOIA Exemptions 1 and 6, and withheld in full three pages pursuant to FOIA Exemption 1. Id. ¶ 15-19 & Exs. 12-13. Ms. Butterfield’s Declaration avers that the information withheld under Exemption 1 would reveal intelligence activities (including special activities) or intelligence sources or methods, id. ¶¶ 17-18, and that the information withheld under FOIA Exemption 6 includes the names of United States government personnel and third parties along with other identifying information, including social security numbers and birthdates. Id. ¶ 19. Ms. Butterfield avers that USAINSCOM conducted a line-by-line review of the Second FBI Referral and released all nonexempt, reasonably segregable information. Id. ¶¶ 20021. She further avers that, for the three pages withheld in full from the Second FBI Referral, “the information was so inextricably intertwined that releasing any portions of these three pages would disclose information that needed protecting.” Id. ¶ 21. Finally, in her Supplemental Declaration, Ms. Butterfield explains that USAINSCOM conducted a second review of the Second FBI Referral on November 27, 2007. Butterfield Suppl. Decl. ¶ 11. As a result of that review, the Army declassified Page 8 of the Second FBI Referral and released it in its entirety to Plaintiff via letter dated December 3, 2007. Id. & Ex. A. E. Procedural History Plaintiff filed his Complaint in this matter on December 20, 2004. As noted above, in opinions dated March 31, 2006 and June 5, 2006, the Court dismissed Plaintiffs Complaint against Defendants CIA, NARA, NSA, Air Force, Army, and Navy, see generally Schoenman, 2006 WL 1126813, as well as certain portions of Plaintiffs Complaint against the FBI and the State Department, see generally Schoenman, 2006 WL 1582253. The Five Defendants at issue in this Memorandum Opinion — the Criminal Division, the DIA, the Air Force, the Army, the Navy — filed their Motion for Summary Judgment on October 1, 2007. Plaintiff filed his Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment and Opposition to the Five Defendants’ Motion on November 9, 2007, and the Five Defendants filed their Opposition to Plaintiffs Cross-Motion/Reply in support of their own Motion on December 14, 2007. Plaintiff did not file a Reply in support of his Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment. As referenced above, after briefing on the cross-motions was ripe, the Navy brought to the Court’s attention its mischaracteri-zation of information withheld from one document and filed a Supplemental Motion for Summary Judgment as to that information. As further referenced above, Plaintiff has since withdrawn his request for the information at issue in the Navy’s Supplemental Motion, and the Court shall therefore DENY the Navy’s [66] Supplemental Motion for Summary Judgment as moot. The parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment regarding Defendants are thus ripe for review. II: LEGAL STANDARD A party is entitled to summary judgment if the pleadings, depositions, and affidavits demonstrate that there is no genuine issue of material fact in dispute and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Tao v. Freeh, 27 F.3d 635, 638 (D.C.Cir.1994). Under the summary judgment standard, Defendants, as the moving parties, bear the “initial responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for [its] motion, and identifying those portions of the pleadings ... together with the affidavits which [it] believe[s] demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Plaintiff, in response to Defendant’s motion, must “go beyond the pleadings and ... designate specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Id. at 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548 (internal quotation marks omitted). Although a court should draw all inferences from the supporting records submitted by the nonmoving party, the mere existence of a factual dispute, by itself, is not sufficient to bar summary judgment. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). To be material, the factual assertion must be capable of affecting the substantive outcome of the litigation; to be genuine, the issue must be supported by sufficient admissible evidence that a reasonable trier-of-fact could find for the nonmoving party. Laningham v. U.S. Navy, 813 F.2d 1236, 1242-43 (D.C.Cir.1987); Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 251, 106 S.Ct. 2505. “If the evidence is merely colorable, or is not sufficiently probative, summary judgment may be granted.” Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 249-50, 106 S.Ct. 2505 (internal citations omitted). In reviewing a motion for summary judgment under the FOIA, the Court must conduct a de novo review of the record. See 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(B). In the FOIA context, “de novo review requires the court to ‘ascertain whether the agency has sustained its burden of demonstrating that the documents requested are not “agency records” or are exempt from disclosure under the FOIA.’ ” Assassination Archives & Research Ctr. v. Cent. Intelligence Agency, 334 F.3d 55, 57 (D.C.Cir.2003) (quoting Summers v. DOJ, 140 F.3d 1077, 1080 (D.C.Cir.1998)). Under the FOIA, all underlying facts and inferences are analyzed in the light most favorable to the FOIA requester; as such, summary judgment is only appropriate where an agency proves that it has fully discharged its FOIA obligations. Moore v. Aspin, 916 F.Supp. 32, 35 (D.D.C.1996) (citing Weisberg v. DOJ 705 F.2d 1344, 1350 (D.C.Cir.1983)). As an initial matter, an agency seeking summary judgment must show that it “has conducted a search reasonably calculated to uncover all relevant documents.” Steinberg v. DOJ, 23 F.3d 548, 552 (D.C.Cir.1994) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). The relevant question is “whether the search was reasonably calculated to discover the requested documents, not whether it actually uncovered every document extant.” SafeCard Servs., Inc., v. SEC, 926 F.2d 1197, 1201 (D.C.Cir.1991). The agency affidavits offered to establish the adequacy of a search “must be ... ‘relatively detailed and non-conclusory, and ... submitted in good faith.’ ” Id. at 1200 (quoting Ground Saucer Watch, Inc. v. CIA 692 F.2d 770, 771 (D.C.Cir.1981) (citations and quotation marks omitted)). Congress enacted the FOIA for the purpose of introducing transparency to government activities. See Stern v. Fed. Bureau of Investigation, 737 F.2d 84, 88 (D.C.Cir.1984). Congress remained sensitive, however, to the need to achieve balance between this objective and the vulnerability of “legitimate governmental and private interests [that] could be harmed by release of certain types of information.” Critical Mass Energy Project v. Nuclear Regulatory Comm’n, 975 F.2d 871, 872 (D.C.Cir.1992); see also Summers, 140 F.3d at 1079. Accordingly, the FOIA provides nine exemptions pursuant to which an agency may withhold requested information, see 5 U.S.C. §§ 552(a)(4)(B), (b)(1)-(9), and an agency must demonstrate the validity of any exemption that it asserts, see id.; Beck v. DOJ, 997 F.2d 1489, 1491 (D.C.Cir.1993) (“[e]onsistent with the purpose of the Act, the burden is on the agency to justify withholding requested documents”). To satisfy this burden, the agency may provide a plaintiff “with a Vaughn index, which must adequately describe each withheld document, state which exemption the agency claims for each withheld document, and explain the exemption’s relevance.” Johnson v. Exec. Office for U.S. Att’ys, 310 F.3d 771, 774 (D.C.Cir.2002); see also Vaughn v. Rosen, 484 F.2d 820, 827 (D.C.Cir.1973). In addition, summary judgment may be granted on the basis of the agency’s accompanying affidavits or declarations if they describe “the justifications for nondisclosure with reasonably specific detail, demonstrate that the information withheld logically falls within the claimed exemption, and are not controverted by either contrary evidence in the record nor evidence of agency bad faith.” Military Audit Project v. Casey, 656 F.2d 724, 738 (D.C.Cir.1981). These affidavits may be submitted by an official who coordinated the search, and need not be from each individual who participated in the search. See SafeCard Servs., 926 F.2d at 1200. Courts must “accord substantial weight” to an agency’s affidavits regarding FOIA exemptions. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(B) (2004); see also Carney v. DOJ, 19 F.3d 807, 812 (2d Cir.1994) (“Affidavits submitted by an agency are ‘accorded a presumption of good faith.’ ”) (quoting SafeCard Servs., Inc., 926 F.2d at 1200). Moreover, there is no set formula for a Vaughn index; so long as the agency provides the Court with materials providing a “reasonable basis to evaluate the claim of privilege,” the precise form of the agency’s submission — whether it be an index, a detailed declaration, or a narrative — is immaterial. Gallant v. NLRB., 26 F.3d 168, 173 (D.C.Cir.1994) (internal citations omitted). Finally, in seeking summary judgment, the agency must detail what proportion of the information in a document is non-exempt and how that material is dispersed throughout the document. Mead Data Cent. Inc. v. Air Force, 566 F.2d 242, 261 (D.C.Cir.1977). Any nonexempt information that is reasonably segregable from the requested records must be disclosed. Stolt-Nielsen Transp. Group, Ltd. v. United States, 534 F.3d 728, 733-34 (D.C.Cir.2008). As “the focus of FOIA is information, not documents, [ ] an agency cannot justify withholding an entire document simply by showing that it contains some exempt material.” Id. (quoting Mead Data, 566 F.2d at 260). Further, “before approving the application of a FOIA exemption, the district court must make specific findings of segregability regarding the documents to be withheld.” Id. at 734-35 (quoting Sussman v. U.S. Marshals Service, 494 F.3d 1106, 1116 (D.C.Cir.2007)). District courts are required to consider segregability issues sua sponte even when the parties have not specifically raised such claims. TransPac. Policing Agreement v. U.S. Customs Serv., 177 F.3d 1022, 1028 (D.C.Cir.1999). In opposing a motion for summary judgment or cross-moving for summary judgment, a FOIA plaintiff must offer more than conclusory statements. See Broaddrick v. Exec. Office of President, 139 F.Supp.2d 55, 65 (D.D.C.2001) (citing Laningham v. Navy, 813 F.2d 1236, 1241 (D.C.Cir.1987)). Indeed, a plaintiff pursuing an action under FOIA must establish that either: (1) the Vaughn index does not establish that the documents were properly withheld; (2) the agency has improperly claimed an exemption as a matter of law; or (3) the agency has failed to segregate and disclose all nonexempt material in the requested documents. See Perry-Torres v. State Dep’t, 404 F.Supp.2d 140, 142 (D.D.C.2005); Twist v. Ashcroft, 329 F.Supp.2d 50, 53 (D.D.C.2004) (citing Piper & Marbury, LLP v. U.S. Postal Serv., Civ. No. 99-2383, 2001 WL 214217, at *2 (D.D.C. Mar.6, 2001)). A. The Privacy Act The Privacy Act of 1974 regulates the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of an individual’s personal information by agencies within the federal government. See 5 U.S.C. § 552a(e). The Act provides that any agency that retains a system of records “shall maintain ... only such information about an individual as is relevant and necessary to accomplish a purpose of the agency required to be accomplished by statute or executive order of the President.” 5 U.S.C. § 552a(e)(l). To provide for openness and accountability, the Act ensures that “upon request by any individual to gain access to his record or to any information pertaining to him which is contained in the system,” the agency shall provide the individual with access to review such records. 5 U.S.C. § 552a(d)(l). Finally, subject to certain exceptions, the Privacy Act states that disclosure of records shall be limited. 5 U.S.C. § 552a(b) (“[n]o agency shall disclose any record which is contained in a system of records by any means of communication to any person, or to another agency, except pursuant to a written request by, or with the prior written consent of, the individual to whom the record pertains”). One of these exceptions, however, is that an agency shall disclose such records that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to FOIA. 5 U.S.C. § 552a(b)(2). In actions seeking documents under both FOIA and the Privacy Act, a defendant agency must show that the information is properly subject to both FOIA and Privacy Act exemptions. See Martin v. Office of Special Counsel, 819 F.2d 1181, 1184 (D.C.Cir.1987). Ill: DISCUSSION As with the Background section, in the interest of organizational clarity, the Court shall discuss each relevant agency’s response to Plaintiffs FOIA/PA request in turn. A The Defense Intelligence Agency 1. The DIA Has Met the Standard for Summary Judgment By Conducting An Adequate Search for Records In determining the adequacy of a FOIA search, the Court is guided by principles of reasonableness. Oglesby v. Army, 920 F.2d 57, 68 (D.C.Cir.1990). To obtain summary judgment on the issue of the adequacy of the records search, an agency must show “viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the requester, that ... [it] has conducted a ‘search reasonably calculated to uncover relevant documents.’ ” Steinberg, 23 F.3d at 551 (quoting Weisberg v. DOJ, 745 F.2d 1476, 1485 (D.C.Cir.1984)). To meet its burden, the agency may submit affidavits or declarations that explain both in reasonable detail and in a non-conclusory fashion the scope and method of the agency’s search. Perry v. Block, 684 F.2d 121, 126 (D.C.Cir.1982). In the absence of contrary evidence, such affidavits or declarations are sufficient to demonstrate an agency’s compliance with the FOIA. Id. at 127. An agency must show that it made a “good faith effort to conduct a search for the requested records, using methods which can be reasonably expected to produce the information requested.” Oglesby, 920 F.2d at 68; see Campbell v. DOJ, 164 F.3d 20, 27 (D.C.Cir.1998). An agency’s search need not be exhaustive, merely reasonable. See W. Ctr. for Journalism v. Internal Revenue Serv., 116 F.Supp.2d 1, 8 (D.D.C.2000) (citing Shaw v. State Dep’t, 559 F.Supp. 1058, 1057 (D.D.C.1983)). As discussed above, Mr. Kinsey’s Declaration describes in non-conclusory terms the efforts the DIA undertook in searching for documents responsive to Plaintiffs request. Plaintiff does not challenge the adequacy of the DIA’s search in his Cross-Motion/Opposition. Nevertheless, because summary judgment is only appropriate where an agency proves that it has fully discharged its FOIA obligations, Moore, 916 F.Supp. at 35, the Court briefly recounts those facts in Mr. Kinsey’s Declaration that establish the adequacy of the DIA’s search. Mr. Kinsey specifically explains that the DIA searched for responsive records not only in its research and reference resource library, but also in other offices that the DIA concluded might hold responsive records: the offices of Security (DAC), Inspector General (IG), Human Resources (HC), Joint Military Intelligence College (MC), and Directorate of Operations (DO). Kinsey Deck ¶ 5. In doing so, the DIA searched all electronic databases dating back to 1987, searched the database to hardcopy files dating from 1965 to 1987, and searched the database of finished intelligence products from 1965 to the present. Id. ¶ 6. Moreover, as set forth above, the DIA specifically searched for terms identified in Plaintiffs request, including Ralph Schoenman, Bertrand Russell, and the various organizations with which Plaintiff was involved, using both boolean and keyword searches. Id. ¶¶ 7-8. For databases with indexed listings, when a search registered a “hit,” the DIA examined the corresponding hardcopy document to determine its responsiveness to Plaintiffs request. Id. ¶ 8. In addition, the DIA ordered some no longer actively used documents from The Washington National Records Center, and reviewed those records for responsiveness. Id. The Court has little difficulty concluding that the DIA made a “good faith effort to conduct a search for the requested records, using methods which can be reasonably expected to produce the information requested.” Oglesby, 920 F.2d at 68. As such, the Court finds that the DIA conducted an adequate search for records responsive to Plaintiffs request. 2. The DIA Has Carried Its Burden as to FOIA Exemptions 1 and 2 As noted above, the DIA did not locate any records pertaining to Plaintiff himself. See Kinsey Deck ¶ 12. As such, because the Privacy Act only regulates the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of an individual’s personal information by agencies within the federal government, see 5 U.S.C. § 552a(e), the DIA did not consider the Privacy Act when processing the records responsive to Plaintiffs search. See Five Defs.’ MSJ at 6 n. 6. The Court therefore turns to considering the FOIA exemptions invoked by the DIA: Exemptions 1 and 2. a. FOIA Exemption 1 Pursuant to FOIA Exemption 1, the statute’s disclosure provisions do not apply to information that is “(A) specifically authorized under criteria established by an Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy and (B) are in fact properly classified pursuant to such Executive order.” 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(1). The DIA invoked FOIA Exemption 1 in withholding certain material from DIA Document Number One, relying upon Executive Order 12,958, as amended. See 60 Fed.Reg. 19,825. To show that it has properly withheld information under FOIA Exemption 1, the DIA must show both that the information was classified pursuant to the proper procedures, and that the withheld information substantively falls within the scope of Executive Order 12,958. See Salisbury v. United States, 690 F.2d 966, 971-72 (D.C.Cir.1982). Although Plaintiff contests the DIA’s showing in each respect, the Court finds that the DIA declarations, which are afforded “substantial weight,” Halperin v. Cent. Intelligence Agency, 629 F.2d 144, 148 (D.C.Cir.1980), establish that the DIA has properly withheld information from DIA Document Number One pursuant to FOIA Exemption 1. In his Declaration, Mr. Kinsey avers that DIA Document Number One, which was classified as CONFIDENTIAL, was “reviewed by an individual from [the DIA Directorate for Human Intelligence] who possesses the requisite classification authority.” Kinsey Decl. ¶ 13. Plaintiffs Cross-Motion/Opposition, however, argued that Mr. Kinsey’s Declaration was insufficient to establish that the material withheld from DIA Document Number One was properly classified procedurally. See Pl.’s Cross-MSJ at 2-5. Accordingly, along with their Opposition/Reply, the Five Defendants proffered the declaration of William B. Huntington, Deputy Director for Human Intelligence for the DIA, who avers that he “exercise[s] Original Classification Authority under the provisions of Section 1.3 of Executive Order 12958, as amended by Executive Order 13292.” Huntington Decl. ¶ 2. Mr. Huntington further avers that he has personally reviewed DIA Document Number One, and it “is properly marked ‘CONFIDENTIAL’ because it contains classified national security information related to the roles and activities of the [DIA].” Id. ¶ 5. While Mr. Huntington’s Declaration could stand to be more specific as to the procedural requirements of Executive Order 12,958, in light of the “presumption of good faith” accorded to agency affidavits in FOIA cases, Plaintiffs speculation that DIA Document Number One may not have been properly marked is insufficient to establish that the document was not properly classified procedurally. See SafeCard Servs., 926 F.2d at 1200. The Court also rejects Plaintiffs challenge to the substantive classification of the information withheld from DIA Document Number One. Mr. Huntington describes DIA Document Number One as “an intelligence report issued on June 24, 1994, concerning the appointment of a new Deputy Minister of Defense in South Africa,” Huntington Decl. ¶ 3, and avers that “it is [his] opinion that public release of Document Number 1 in its entirety would cause damage to the national security of the United States,” id. ¶ 6. Mr. Huntington continues to correctly state that, pursuant to Executive Order 12,958, as amended, an Original Classification Authority may classify information owned, produced, or controlled by the United States government if it reveals, inter alia, “intelligence activities (including special activities), intelligence sources or methods, or cryptology.” Id. ¶ 7 (citing EO 12,958 Sections 1.1 and 1.4). Information is classified at the Confidential level if unauthorized disclosure would reasonably be expected to cause damage to national security. Id. ¶ 8 (citing EO 12,958 Section 1.2). Mr. Huntington continues to generally describe the manner in which the disclosure of intelligence sources can cause damage to national security, explaining that “DIA relies on various intelligence sources to collect foreign intelligence critical to our national security,” but that “[^Intelligence sources can be expected to furnish information only when confident that they are protected from retribution by the absolute secrecy surrounding their relationship to the U.S. government.” Id. ¶ 9. In particular, Mr. Huntington avers that DIA Document Number One “contains information received from human sources, as well as identifiable information on the sources themselves. It further contains deliberative descriptions, commentary and analysis on the South African government and defense establishment which, if disclosed, could damage the working relationships between the United States and the South African governmental personnel and the capability of the U.S. intelligence community to effectively collect foreign intelligence.” Id. ¶ 12. Mr. Huntington also generally describes the manner in which “the release of information about U.S. intelligence activities can cause serious damage to national security.” Id. ¶ 13. As Mr. Huntington explains, one such intelligence activity “is obtaining candid assessments of the strengths and weaknesses of foreign military and political leaders and the sharing of that sensitive intelligence information with allies.” Id. However, if the “specific nature of U.S. cooperation with certain foreign partners [was] publicly known, the effectiveness of our efforts and those of partner nations’ intelligence collection efforts could be compromised.” Id. Mr. Huntington avers that in light of such considerations, the information withheld from DIA Document Number One “is currently and properly classified CONFIDENTIAL under EO 12958, as amended, and the redacted portions of Document Number 1 cannot be disclosed in any greater detail.” Id. Mr. Huntington’s Declaration sufficiently establishes that the information withheld from DIA Document Number One is properly classified as CONFIDENTIAL. Significantly, as the D.C. Circuit recently noted, “the text of Exemption 1 itself suggests that little proof or explanation is required beyond a plausible assertion that information is properly classified,” such that a court must accord “substantial weight” “to an agency’s affidavit concerning the details of the classified status of the disputed record.” Morley v. Cent. Intelligence Agency, 508 F.3d 1108, 1124 (D.C.Cir.2007) (quoting Military Audit Project, 656 F.2d at 738). Mr. Huntington’s Declaration certainly provides a “plausible assertion” that the information withheld from DIA Document Number One is properly classified. Indeed, as the DIA correctly notes, courts have repeatedly found information that would identify an intelligence source or methods to be exempt from disclosure under FOIA Exemption 1. See, e.g., Wolf v. Cent. Intelligence Agency, 473 F.3d 370, 375-76 (D.C.Cir.2007). As such, the Court concludes that the DIA has established that it properly invoked FOIA Exemption 1 to withhold information from DIA Document Number One. b. FOIA Exemption % The DIA also withheld information from both DIA Document Number One and DIA Document Number Two pursuant to FOIA Exemption 2. Kinsey Decl. ¶ 21. According to Mr. Kinsey’s Declaration and the DIA’s Vaughn index, the withheld information includes “office symbols, internal document or messaging codes, routing directions and telephone identifiers of U.S. government agencies and offices engaged in the collection of foreign intelligence information,” as well as the “intelligence information report (IIR) number and administrative number assigned to the preparer of the IIR.” Id. ¶ 21 & Tab A. FOIA Exemption 2 protects information “related solely to the internal personnel rules and practices of an agency.” 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(2). The D.C. Circuit has held that FOIA Exemption2 applies to material that is “used for predominantly internal purposes,” and that this constitutes a “threshold test” for the Exemption’s application. Schiller v. NLRB, 964 F.2d 1205, 1207 (D.C.Cir.1992) (quoting Crooker v. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms, 670 F.2d 1051, 1073 (D.C.Cir.1981)). Once this test is met, “an agency may withhold the material ‘by proving that either [1] disclosure may risk circumvention of agency regulation, or [2] the material relates to trivial administrative matters of no genuine public interest.’ ” Id. (quoting Schwaner v. Air Force, 898 F.2d 793, 794 (D.C.Cir.1990)) (citations omitted). In the instant case, the DIA asserts that the material withheld from DIA Documents Numbers One and Two is of the latter variety, known as “low 2” material. Five Defs.’ MSJ at 24 (citing Kinsey Deck ¶¶ 20-21); see also Schiller, 964 F.2d at 1207 (describing “high 2” and “low 2” material). Plaintiffs Cross-Motion/Opposition argues that the DIA fails to meet the threshold “predominantly internal” test because the withheld information — message routing data, IIR report numbers, and administrative numbers assigned to the preparers of the IIRs — “all relate to the collection of information,” and “enable[] researchers and scholars to track the dissemination of information.” PI.’s Cross-MSJ at 7. As the D.C. Circuit has explained, however, because “any ‘internal personnel rule and practices of an agency’ have some effect on the public-at-large,” material is considered predominantly internal where it “was designed to establish rules and practices for agency personnel and [] involve[s] no ‘secret law of the agency.” Schiller, 964 F.2d at 1207 (quoting Crooker, 670 F.2d at 1073). The information the DIA has withheld here relates to the “agency’s practices as to its internal routing and distribution,” Schwaner, 898 F.2d at 796, and does not constitute “secret law” of the DIA. Accordingly, it meets Exemption 2’s threshold “predominantly internal” test. Despite Plaintiffs protestations to the contrary, the DIA’s Vaughn Index and Mr. Kinsey’s Declaration also establish that the withheld material “relates to trivial administrative matters of no public interest.” Schiller, 964 F.2d at 1207. The withheld information identifies specific DIA personnel and operating locations. See Kinsey Deck Tab. A at 1. While it is not the case that “all administrative handling instructions are per se routine internal matters of no genuine public interest,” Founding Church of Scientology of Washington, D. C., Inc. v. Smith, 721 F.2d 828, 831 n. 4 (D.C.Cir.1983), the D.C. Circuit has explained that “housekeeping matters,” such as those redacted by the DIA, are “appropriately withheld under exemption 2,” Schiller, 964 F.2d at 1208. As Judge Paul L. Friedman recently noted, cases in this District “routinely include internal file or routing numbers as among the category of information that is exempt from disclosure under the ‘low 2’ exemption.” Long v. DOJ, 450 F.Supp.2d 42, 58 (D.D.C.2006) (citing cases). The Court agrees that the information withheld by the DIA in this case falls within the “low 2” category. In an attempt to avoid this conclusion, Plaintiff asserts that the withheld information would allow him and other researchers to “determine the extent and degree of [DIA Documents Numbers One and Two’s] interest to government officials, and to determine who knew what when.” PL’s Cross-MSJ at 7. The Court does not consider whether Plaintiffs asserted interest even constitutes a genuine public interest under the FOIA, cf. DOJ v. Reporters Comm. for Freedom of the Press, 489 U.S. 749, 773, 109 S.Ct. 1468, 103 L.Ed.2d 774 (1989), however, because Plaintiff does not explain how the apparently trivial information withheld would shed any light on the DIA’s activities with regard to Plaintiff, Lord Bertrand Russell, or any of the organizations at issue in Plaintiffs request. See contra Five Defs.’ Reply/Opp’n at 8-9 (“the release of this information would provide no needed insight into the substantive content of the records already released to plaintiff,” and “would shed no light on the DIA’s activities”). As such, the Court concludes that the DIA has properly withheld information pursuant to FOIA Exemption 2. S. The DIA Has Released Reasonably Segregable, Nonexempt Information While Defendants may properly withhold certain materials under FOIA’s enumerated exemptions, they must release “any reasonably segregable portions” of responsive documents once they have redacted the exempted information. See 5 U.S.C. § 552(b). The segregability requirement is of such great import that this Court has an affirmative duty to engage in its own segregability analysis, regardless of Plaintiffs pleadings. See Billington v. DOJ, 233 F.3d 581, 586 (D.C.Cir.2000). While the segregability analysis is necessary, not all material is amenable to segregation, rather the D.C. Circuit has long held that nonexempt portions of a document need not be disclosed where they are “inextricably intertwined with exempt portions.” Schiller, 964 F.2d at 1209 (quoting Mead Data, 566 F.2d at 260). In his Declaration, Mr. Kinsey avers that the DIA reviewed all responsive records to determine if any portion of the withheld information could be segregated and released, and that all reasonably segregable, nonexempt portions of the documents at issue were released to Plaintiff. Kinsey Decl. ¶¶ 19, 21, 23. Significantly, the DIA has not withheld either DIA Document Number One or DIA Document Number Two in its entirety due to the inclusion of exempt material therein. Cf. Stolt-Nielsen, 534 F.3d at 734-35. Instead, the DIA has withheld only that information that it deemed exempt under FOIA Exemptions 1 and 2, and as set forth above, has established that that information was properly withheld. Accordingly, the Court finds that the DIA has met its burden of showing that it released all reasonably segregable, nonexempt information to Plaintiff. B. The Department of the Air Force As discussed above, the Air Force did not have an independent obligation to respond to Plaintiffs FOIA/Privacy Act request because the Court dismissed Plaintiffs Complaint against the Air Force in its March 31, 2006 Memorandum Opinion. Nevertheless, the DIA referred two documents to the AFOSI, see Costa Decl. ¶ 5 & Ex. 1, and the Air Force seeks summary judgment as to the information withheld from those documents. In particular, the Air Force withheld one classified sentence from Air Force Document Number One pursuant to FOIA Exemption 1, id. ¶¶ 7-8, and withheld the names of three Air Force members from the same Document, pursuant to FOIA Exemptions 6 and 7(C), id. ¶ 9. As for Air Force Document Number Two, the Air Force withheld the names of four Air Force members, along with the Air Force serial numbers for two of them and the off-base home address and assignment for one of them, pursuant to FOIA Exemptions 6 and 7(C). Id. ¶ 10 & Ex. B. 1. The Air Force Properly Invoked FOIA Exemption 1 Like the DIA, the Air Force withheld information from Air Force Document Number One that it asserts was properly classified pursuant to the substantive and procedural criteria set forth in Executive Order 12,958, as amended. See id. ¶ 8. The Air Force’s justification of that classification is set forth in the Declaration and Second Declaration of Michael L. Bietsch, which the Court finds sufficient to establish that the Air Force has properly withheld information from Air Force Document Number One under FOIA Exemption 1. Mr. Bietsch describes Air Force Document Number One as a three-page DoD Intelligence Information Report dated December 5, 1996. Bietsch Decl. ¶ 4. In his Second Declaration, Mr. Bietsch specifically avers that the document “was classified by an original classification authority pursuant to a predecessor to Executive Order 12958, as amended.” Second Bietsch Decl. ¶ 3. Mr. Bietsch also avers that he personally “made certain that all procedural requirements of E.O. 12958, as amended, were followed in order to ensure that the information was properly classified,” and specifically describes those procedural requirements. Id. ¶4. This sworn agency declaration thus sufficiently establishes that the information withheld from Air Force Document Number One was properly classified proeedurally. As to the substantive classification of the information withheld from Air Force Document Number One, Mr. Bietsch’s Second Declaration explains that “the portion of [the document that he] determined continues to warrant classification concerns foreign government information and intelligence activities (including special activities), intelligence sources or methods, or cryptology.” Id. ¶ 5 (citations omitted). Mr. Bietsch further avers that information withheld from Air Force Document Number One is covered by Sections 1.4(b) and 1.4(c) of Executive Order 12,958. Id. In particular, Mr. Bietsch explains that “an intelligence source that requires continued classification is an individual who provided or is currently providing information that pertains to national security matters, the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to result in serious damage to AFOSI’s intelligence and counterintelligence gathering capabilities.” Id. ¶ 8. Mr. Bietsch avers that the information withheld “pertain[s] to a classified intelligence source [and] is likely to identify the source. The withheld information and material provided by or that pertains to that source is specific and, if disclosed, reasonably could be expected to reveal the identity of the contributing source.” Id. Mr. Bietsch continues to explain that “[disclosure of AFOSI sources, regardless of whether they are active or inactive, alive or deceased, can reasonably be expected to jeopardize” the safety of the source or his or her family. Id. ¶ 9. Further, according to Mr. Bietsch, disclosure of a source “could cause damage to national security by causing current intelligence sources to cease providing information, and discourage potential intelligence sources from cooperating with the AFO-SI,” thus severely hampering the AFOSI’s law enforcement and national security related efforts. Id. Mr. Bietsch avers that, in light of these considerations, he determined that the source-identifying information in Air Force Document Number One “would clearly and demonstrably cause damage to national security and intelligence activities.” Id. ¶¶ 10-11. Mr. Bietsch’s Second Declaration — to which the Court must afford “substantial weight” — thus provides a “plausible assertion” that the information withheld from Air Force Document One is properly classified. Morley, 508 F.3d at 1124 (quoting Military Audit Project, 656 F.2d at 738). As such, the Court concludes that the Air Force has properly withheld information from Air Force Document Number One pursuant to FO