Full opinion text
FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW VAZQUEZ, District Judge. . THIS MATTER is before the Court on a bench trial held from February 17 through February 28, 2000. The Court having considered the pleadings, trial testimony, exhibits, relevant law, and being otherwise fully informed, finds that Defendant Dr. Qudrat Kapoor did create a sexually and/or racially hostile work environment as to Plaintiffs Betty DeLosSantos, Sally Netsch, Phyllis DeBaun, Patrick Sanchez, and Mary Gonzales, but not as to Plaintiff Anna Nieto. The Court finds that Dr. Kapoor retaliated against Ms. Netsch and Mr. Sanchez for protected speech in violation of the First Amendment, but did not retaliate against Ms. DeBaun, Ms. Nie-to, Ms. Gonzales, or Ms. DeLosSantos for constitutionally protected speech. Finally, the Court finds that Dr. Kapoor intentionally inflicted emotional distress on Ms. De-LosSantos, Ms. Netsch, Ms. DeBaun, Mr. Sanchez, and Ms. Gonzales but not on Ms. Nieto. I. BACKGROUND This is a hostile environment case against Dr. Qudrat Kapoor, the Medical Director of the Radiation Oncology Department of the Eastern New Mexico Medical Center (“ENMMC”), brought by six former employees of ENMMC who worked with Dr. Kapoor. Plaintiffs initially named ENMMC and a number of ENMMC supervisors as defendants (collectively “ENNMC Defendants”). The ENMMC Defendants have settled with Plaintiffs and have been dismissed. Therefore, Dr. Kapoor is the sole remaining Defendant. The Court has previously dismissed Plaintiffs’ negligence and prima facie tort claims and their conspiracy claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1985, and Plaintiffs withdrew their contract claims. Accordingly, remaining are three causes of action against Dr. Kapoor: (1) § 1983 claims for creating racially and/or sexually hostile work environments in violation of the Equal Protection Clause; (2) § 1983 claims for retaliating against Plaintiffs after they complained about Dr. Kapoor’s conduct in violation of the First Amendment; and (3) tort claims for intentional infliction of emotional distress. Before making its findings of fact and conclusions of law, the Court will explain the credibility determinations upon which its findings are based. Plaintiffs testified that Dr. Kapoor systematically treated female and Hispanic employees and patients worse than male and White employees and patients. Dr. Kapoor disputed almost all of Plaintiffs’ specific testimony about gender and race-based harassment. The Court is therefore required to assess the credibility of the witnesses and make numerous determinations regarding whose version of the facts was most believable. There was testimony by witnesses other than Plaintiffs regarding Dr. Kapoor’s mistreatment of female and Hispanic staff and patients, testimony which included specific instances of mistreatment. For example, Virginia Torrez who worked as the receptionist at the Cancer Center for approximately one year — ten months in Medical Oncology and two months in Radiation Oncology, was called by Plaintiffs as a witness. She testified that one day Dr. Kapoor grabbed her shoulder and shoved her down the hall, though Dr. Kapoor testified that he never pushed or shoved employees. The Court found Ms. Torrez credible and that she has no reason to testify untruthfully. Another example of testimony by a non-party witness corroborating Plaintiffs’ testimony is that of Frank Sanchez who was the radiation therapist at ENMMC before Plaintiff Phyllis DeBaun. He testified that he heard Dr. Kapoor refer’ to Plaintiff Patrick Sanchez and himself as “stupid, lazy Mexicans,” in keeping with the Plaintiffs’ testimony and contradicting Dr. Kapoor’s testimony. Frank Sanchez also testified as to Dr. Kapoor’s mistreatment of Plaintiff Betty DeLosSantos, including grabbing and pushing her down the hall and calling her stupid, incompetent and slow. Further, Ms. Shelda Strahan, the ENMMC educator, heard Dr. Kapoor say loudly to two people in the patient waiting room that they “wouldn’t have had to wait so long if we didn’t have so many Mexicans.” Wayne Stockburger, the administrative director of the Cancer Center, testified through deposition testimony that in meetings with staff Dr. Kapoor had laughed, as several of the Plaintiffs testified, but which Dr. Kapoor denied. Also supporting Plaintiffs’ credibility are several documents including: Mr. Stock-burger’s detailed notes regarding Plaintiffs’ complaints to him about Dr. Kapoor, a memorandum from Susan Craig Fish regarding Plaintiffs’ complaints about Dr. Kapoor, a written complaint filed by Mary Gonzales regarding an incident with Dr. Kapoor, documentation indicating that Betty DeLosSantos went to the emergency room and told the physician that she was having problems with the doctor for whom she worked, and notes taken by Pam Mc-Arthur, the Employee Assistance Program counselor, when she met with the Plaintiffs regarding the stress caused by Dr. Kap-oor’s harassment. This documentation supports the individual instances of harassment alleged by Plaintiffs and denied by Dr. Kapoor. Further undercutting Dr. Kapoor’s credibility is his testimony at an Order to Show Cause hearing on February 10, 2000 at which he stated that he had been trying to access copies of his tax returns through his accountant and his own records that the Court compelled him to produce on January 18, 2000. However, his accountant testified at a deposition on February 12, 2000 that the first time Dr. Kapoor had asked him to fax the tax returns was on February 10, 2000 and that he could have faxed the returns before that had he been requested to do so. Several witnesses called by both Plaintiffs and Defendant testified that they never heard Dr. Kapoor make derogatory comments about women or Hispanics. Plaintiffs and Frank Sanchez testified that Dr. Kapoor did make racial slurs and comments insulting women. That some persons with whom he worked did not hear Dr. Kapoor make these comments does not mean they were not made. Given the abundance of evidence and testimony supporting Plaintiffs’ claims of mistreatment by Dr. Kapoor and the specificity and consistency of those claims, the Court finds the Plaintiffs’ testimony more credible than Dr. Kapoor’s blanket denials. The Court will now issue its findings of facts and conclusions of law pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 52(a). II. FINDINGS OF FACT 1. Plaintiffs at all times material to this action were employees of the Radiation Oncology Department of the Eastern New Mexico Medical Center (“ENMMC” or “Radiation Oncology”) in Roswell, New Mexico. ENMMC operated a Cancer Center with two departments — Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology. The two departments shared a waiting room and were directly next to one another. 2. At all material times ENMMC was a public county hospital owned by Chaves County, New Mexico, and was accordingly a political subdivision. ENMMC operated pursuant to and under the New Mexico Hospital Funding Act for governmental hospitals. ENMMC utilized its governmental entity status so as to avoid paying jury fees in civil litigation. ENMMC as a governmental entity invoked the benefits and protections of the New Mexico Tort Claims Act, NMSA 41-4-1, et. seq. As a governmental entity ENMMC was regulated by and operated pursuant to the New Mexico Open Meetings Act. The members of the ENMMC Board of Trustees were appointed by the Chaves County Board of Commissioners. 3. Chaves County sold ENMMC on March 31,1998. 4. While working in Radiation Oncology, Plaintiffs’ administrative supervisor was Wayne Stockburger or Jerry Gant and their medical supervisor was Dr. Qudrat Kapoor. Dr. Kapoor supervised the patient treatment and care which was the majority of Plaintiffs’ work. A. Dr. Qudrat Kapoor 5. At all times material to this action Dr. Kapoor was the Medical Director of the Radiation Oncology Department at ENMMC. Dr. Kapoor has a masters degree, three Ph.D. degrees, and an M.D. degree. 6. Dr. Kapoor was not an employee of ENMMC. He and ENMMC operated under a contractual “Consulting Service and Lease Agreement” wherein Dr. Kapoor was granted professional privileges at ENMMC, leased office space at ENMMC, directed patient care and treatment efforts within the Radiation Oncology Department, and split patient fees with ENMMC. 7. Dr. Kapoor did not have the authority to hire, fire or officially discipline Radiation/Oncology employees. However, as the Medical Director of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Kapoor did influence staffing decisions. He interviewed and evaluated potential employees, discussed with the Administrative Director problems with employees and his recommendations for staffing patterns; directed most of the Radiation Oncology employees’ work; and had authority to issue keys to the facility at his discretion. 8. Dr. Kapoor, as a physician at ENMMC, agreed to abide by ENMMC’s medical staff bylaws, rules and regulations. 9. Under ENMMC Policies and Procedures, Dr. Kapoor was responsible for: • Making decisions concerning diagnosis and treatment therapy; • Ordering necessary treatment modes for patients; • Developing standing orders for treatment of potential complications of radiation therapy; • Informing Radiation Oncology staff of new developments in treatment and updating their knowledge of radiation treatment protocols; • Establishing goals of treatment for each individual patient and informing staff personnel of the goals and the expected outcomes; and • Educating the medical staff in the care of the cancer patient. 10. Dr. Kapoor frequently degraded the Plaintiffs in their workplace at ENMMC based on them race or sex. Defendant Kapoor knew and was given notice that his derogatory comments regarding and mistreatment of women and Hispanics were inappropriate, offensive and unwelcome in the Plaintiffs’ workplace at ENMMC. Wayne Stockburger talked to Dr. Kapoor on numerous occasions about his inappropriate behavior. 11. As a result of Defendant Kapoor’s mistreatment of the Plaintiffs, each sought counseling and help from Pam McArthur, the Employment Assistance Program counselor at ENMMC. B. General Race-Based Hostile Work Environment 12. Dr. Kapoor made racially discriminatory remarks regarding Hispanics at ENMMC, including that Hispanics were “stupid, lazy Mexicans”; that everything was “mañana, mañana”; that the staff had to take siestas; and that he would hire Mexicans to run a farm and pay them only two to three dollars per hour so that he could get rich. 13. During a 1994 in-service training at the ENMMC Cancer Center, Ms. Shelda Strahan, the ENMMC educator, heard Dr. Kapoor say loudly to two people that they “wouldn’t have had to wait so long if we didn’t have so many Mexicans.” The comment was made in the patient waiting room and Patrick Sanchez was also present. 14. Dr. Kapoor discriminated in his treatment of patients, giving more time and attention to White patients than to Hispanic patients. 15. On more than one occasion, Dr. Kap-oor refused to treat patients who were Hispanic or African-American. 16. Sally Netsch observed that Dr. Kap-oor would physically touch White patients, would only touch Hispanic patients while wearing gloves, and would not touch African-American patients. 17. The Radiation Oncology staff gave extra meals to a patient — a poor, elderly Hispanic man from San Patricio who had to wait at the hospital for hours for his ride home. One day Ms. Netsch was bringing in a meal for the patient when Dr. Kapoor saw her and yelled asking what she was doing. Ms. Netsch explained that the patient had nowhere else to go and Dr. Kapoor told her she could not give the patient the food. Dr. Kap-oor took the tray of food from Ms. Netsch’s hands and threw it in the garbage can in front of the patient. The patient gave Ms. Netsch as pat on the back to comfort her as she stood there with tears in her eyes. C. General Gender-Based Hostile Work Environment 18. Dr. Kapoor treated female staff members markedly worse than male staff. In addition to making derogatory comments about women and their roles, he threw patient medical records files, laboratory reports, and packets of x-rays toward them; repeatedly ignored them; relied on male instead of female staff members, even if the female staff were more significantly experienced; and required them to do menial, non-medical tasks. 19. Ms. Virginia Torres, a former receptionist at the Cancer Center, testified that Dr. Kapoor grabbed and shoved her down the hall after which she demanded a transfer out of the department. 20. Dr. Kapoor told Patrick Sanchez that women were weak and whiny. 21. Dr. Kapoor was cruel to several female patients, refusing to protect their privacy and modesty, intentionally inflicting pain on them and unnecessarily displaying them bodies to male staff. 22. Dr. Kapoor told Mr. Sanchez that it was a particular breast cancer patient’s own fault that her husband was being unfaithful to her because she was weak and should be home with her family rather than working in a furniture store. She had reconstructed surgery on her breasts and Dr. Kapoor, motioning to her breasts, stated that she should be home pleasing her husband. 23. Jan Jordan who worked as a nurse in Radiation Oncology saw Dr. Kapoor thump repeatedly on the chest of a female patient six weeks after her mastectomy surgery while the patient cried and told him it hurt. It is medically proper to palpate the surgical site of a breast cancer patient to check for recurring tumors and to see if the cancer has metastasized. If only one breast was diagnosed with cancer it is also appropriate to check the other breast for any abnormality. “Palpating” consists of putting pressure on the area the doctor is examining with the tips of his or her fingers with varying degrees of pressure. As Dr. Kapoor admitted during trial, “thumping” is not part of “palpating” in the treatment process and there is no reason to thump on a surgery site. 24. When a female legal secretary from Artesia presented for radiation treatment, Dr. Kapoor called three male staff — Patrick Sanchez, the dosime-trist, a temporary radiation therapist named Evan, and Richard Garcia, a radiation tech — into the room as he exposed the patient’s genital area. The patient cried and Mr. Sanchez was embarrassed, feeling he was being compelled to witness the patient be violated. There was no medical need for Mr. Sanchez to be present and Dr. Kapoor never explained why he called Mr. Sanchez into the room. The patient had been receiving treatment at the Cancer Center for several weeks and was friendly to the staff, including Mr. Sanchez. 25. After Plaintiffs left Radiation Oncology, Dr. Kapoor continued to ignore and mistreat women with whom he worked at ENMMC including his female co-worker Dr. Mango, a board certified radiation oncologist, and his nurse, Caroline Donika. Dr. Kapoor refused to acknowledge Dr. Mango’s presence, interrupted her patient examinations, and feigned sleep during Dr. Mango’s presentations to the tumor board. Dr. Kapoor interrupted Ms. Donika requiring her to respond to his needs immediately and interrupted conversations between Ms. Donika and Dr. Mango. Moreover, Dr. Kapoor continued to throw patient charts and x-rays towards female staff. D. Wayne Stockburger 26. Wayne Stockburger was the Administrative Director of the Cancer Center during most of Plaintiffs’ employment. 27. Mr. Stockburger documented and addressed staff complaints regarding Dr. Kapoor’s disruptive and hostile behavior including ethnic slurs and gender discrimination. Mr. Stock-burger documented Dr. Kapoor’s inappropriate conduct and noted the pattern of retaliation and discrimination against the Plaintiffs who reported Dr. Kapoor’s abuse. 28. Mr. Stockburger organized a staff meeting to discuss the staff complaints about Dr. Kapoor. Present at the meeting were Mr. Stockburger, Dr. Kapoor, Phyllis DeBaun, Betty DeLosSantos, Magdiel Martinez, Sally Netsch, Patrick Sanchez, and Paula Baker. When Ms. DeBaun began to express her concerns, Dr. Kapoor laughed, put his head down on the table, and grabbed Mr. Stockburger’s arm repeatedly, distracting him from listening to Ms. DeBaun’s concerns. Dr. Kapoor then went around the room, pointing in each staff member’s face in turn, and loudly asking each: “Do you have a problem with me?” Ms. Netsch found Dr. Kapoor’s conduct intimidating and told Mr. Stock-burger she felt it was inappropriate. E. Sally Netsch 29. Sally Netsch was a registered nurse in ENMMC’s Radiation Oncology Department from September of 1994 to May of 1995. When she began working at ENMMC, Ms. Netsch had fifteen years of nursing experience. 30. Ms. Netsch is a White woman of Scottish descent. 31. Ms. Netsch heard Dr. Kapoor say that women were sensitive, whiny, useless, and the “weaker sex.” 32. Dr. Kapoor called Ms. Netsch overly sensitive and a whiny female on several occasions. 33. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. Netsch that he thought women’s main purpose was to serve men. 34. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. Netsch on two occasions that the only reason women get married is to get men’s money. 35. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. Netsch that the only thing women are good for is, number one, to be your lover when they are young and then to provide you with children and then to take care of you in old age. 36. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. Netsch that by working full-time, she was abandoning her babies. 37. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. Netsch that he felt women should not work full-time out of the household. 38. On one occasion, Ms. Netsch expressed to Dr. Kapoor, with Mr. Stockburger present, concerns she had about the way Dr. Kapoor had treated a particular patient. Dr. Kapoor got very upset, yelling at Ms. Netsch, calling her stupid and telling her she did not understand radiation treatment. 39. During the latter portion of Ms. Netsch’s tenure at ENMMC Dr. Kap-oor became increasingly impatient with her. He would yell at her when she asked him a question about patient treatment, calling her stupid in a loud, angry voice and pointing his finger in her face. 40. Dr. Kapoor grabbed things out of Ms. Netsch’s hands and threw pens, pencils, medical files and records at her. 41. Dr. Kapoor pushed Ms. Netsch to force her to move faster down the hallway. Ms. Netsch also observed Dr. Kapoor push Betty DeLosSantos, Phyllis DeBaun, and Patrick Sanchez. 42. Dr. Kapoor never physically injured Ms. Netsch. 43. Dr. Kapoor discussed his sexual activities with White male patients in Ms. Netsch’s presence. On one occasion Dr. Kapoor told a patient that there was a woman who wanted to check his toenails before she would have sex with him. 44. In addition to the abuse and derogatory comments directed towards her, Ms. Netsch witnessed Dr. Kapoor abuse and degrade other women in Radiation Oncology. She witnessed Dr. Kapoor yell at Betty DeLosSan-tos and grab and pull her down the hall. She also observed Ms. DeLos-Santos scurry down the hall in an effort to avoid contact with White patients as Dr. Kapoor had ordered. Ms. Netsch witnessed Dr. Kapoor refuse to interact with Phyllis DeBaun, looking instead to less-experienced male employees. 45. Ms. Netsch observed Dr. Kapoor treating female patients differently than male patients, giving them less privacy, time and respect. 46. Ms. Netsch was mistreated by Dr. Kapoor on a daily basis and observed Dr. Kapoor treat female staff and patients worse than male staff and patients on a daily basis. 47. Ms. Netsch was present when Dr. Kapoor examined female patients in the radiation treatment room rather than the exam room. The treatment room was poorly lit and had tables that were uncomfortable for patients. 48. Dr. Kapoor treated a female government employee for breast cancer. Ms. Netsch was present during one occasion when Dr. Kapoor was using an alcohol swab to erase the temporary electron marks from the patient’s breast. There were no marks on the patient’s nipple, but Dr. Kap-oor swiped the nipple with the swab and her nipple became erect. Dr. Kapoor became excited, pointed his finger and said “look at this.” Dr. Kapoor then pulled the drape off the patient’s other breast which was not being treated and did not have markings on it. He touched that nipple with the alcohol swab, causing it to be stimulated and called to the male staff members to look at it. The patient turned her head away with tears in her eyes. 49. Ms. Netsch was aware of two patients who Dr. Kapoor refused to treat because of their inability to pay for the treatment — a young, Hispanic woman from Carlsbad and an African-American woman. In both cases he refused treatment before examining them. Dr. Kapoor did look at the second patient’s affected area — her leg, but he did not touch her. He had Ms. Netsch pull up the patient’s gown so that he could see her leg. 50. Ms. Netsch complained to Wayne Stockburger several times and to Susan Craig Fish about Dr. Kapoor’s conduct including his mistreatment of Hispanic and female staff and patients. 51. Ms. Netsch saw Pam McArthur for one counseling session two days before leaving ENMMC for work-related problems. Ms. Netsch noted that she had not been sleeping well and had lost ten pounds. 52. Dr. Kapoor was at times noticeably more angry at Ms. Netsch the day after she complained about his conduct. On one instance after Ms. Netsch complained about the female patient who left crying after being mistreated by Dr. Kapoor, Dr. Kap-oor became extremely angry about Ms. Netsch complaining about his conduct, yelling at Ms. Netsch in Mr. Stockburger’s presence. 53. Ms. Netsch was shocked and angered by Dr. Kapoor’s derogatory comments about women. Though she had substantial nursing experience and confidence in herself as a nurse before working at ENMMC, Dr. Kap-oor’s comments made Ms. Netsch doubt her abilities as a nurse. 54. Because of Dr. Kapoor’s conduct, Ms. Netsch went home crying several days, lost approximately 20 pounds, had headaches, and drank alcoholic beverages on a regular basis. 55. Dr. Kapoor’s conduct and comments were one of the reasons Ms. Netsch left her job. Family considerations contributed to the decision to move her family back to Vermont, including concern about gang activity in Roswell, a desire to return to friends and family in Vermont, and difficulty in getting the schools in Roswell to accommodate Ms. Netsch’s son with a hearing disability. 56. Dr. Kapoor’s behavior damaged Ms. Netsch and her relationships with her children and her husband. 57. Ms. Netsch submitted her first letter of resignation to ENMMC within weeks of beginning her employment there, because of Dr. Kapoor’s treatment of the staff. Wayne Stoekbur-ger encouraged her to stay and she did so. 58. Ms. Netsch’s final letter of resignation indicates that she found “continuing to work with Dr. Kapoor to be impossible.” 59. At ENMMC, Ms. Netsch had been working a full-time day shift with no requirement to work weekends or holidays. Her rate of pay was $17.00/ hour. 60. After leaving ENMMC, Ms. Netsch moved with her family back to Rut-land, Vermont. 61. After returning to Vermont, Ms. Netsch was unemployed for approximately eleven weeks. No hospital in the area was hiring full-time personnel and there were no oncology positions available. Starting on July 24, 1995, Ms. Netsch was able to find half-time (50%) employment at the Rutland Regional Medical Center in the surgical unit, working 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. at a rate of $15.50 per hour. This job required Ms. Netsch to work every other weekend and holidays. After several months, she was able to increase her position on the night shift to a 70% time position at $16.32 per hour. More than a year later, Ms. Netsch was able to change to a 90% position on an evening shift. In November of 1999, Ms. Netsch was able to move to a day shift at a rate of $17.83 per hour, but this too was a part-time, 70% position. Ms. Netsch is still not working in her area of expertise in oncology. 62. Because she was working different ■ shifts not compatible with her husband and children’s schedules, Ms. Netsch missed many school functions, such as concerts, back to school nights, teaeher/parent conferences, and sports practices, as well as family holidays and weekends. F. Phyllis DeBaun 63. Phyllis DeBaun is a certified radiation therapist who worked in Radiation Oncology from September of 1994 to the end of May, 1995. She had fourteen years of radiation therapy experience prior to working at ENMMC. 64. Ms. DeBaun is a White woman. 65. The other radiation therapist in Radiation Oncology during the time Ms. DeBaun worked there was Magdiel Martinez who came to ENMMC directly from school and became a certified therapist during Ms. De Baun’s tenure at ENMMC. He was familiar with the machines at ENMMC when Ms. DeBaun arrived at the Radiation Oncology Department. 66. Also at the ENMMC Cancer Center was a technical aide — Richard Garcia, who was not formally trained in radiation therapy, but had worked at ENMMC for five to six years when Ms. DeBaun began. 67. When Ms. DeBaun went to Dr. Kap-oor with questions regarding patient treatment he attacked her verbally, telling her in a loud, angry voice that she should not concern herself with such matters and flipping her away with his hands. This happened at least daily. 68. In approximately Ms. DeBaun’s fifth week working at ENMMC, Dr. Kap-oor confronted her about having given a tube of Aquaphor cream — a reh-ydrating ointment, to a patient. The cream was medically contraindicated. Ms. DeBaun had been instructed by the nurses that if a patient who had already been given Aquaphor ran out, she should give them a refill. Dr. Kapoor came from an examination room with the tube of ointment, yelling at Ms. DeBaun, asking her what she was doing, saying she was neither a doctor nor a nurse and should not be prescribing medication. He held the tube within an inch or two of her face. When Ms. DeBaun tried to explain why she had given the patient the cream, Dr. Kapoor continued to yell at her. Ms. DeBaun complained to Pat Sanchez and Wayne Stockbur-ger about this incident. 69. On one occasion when Ms. DeBaun attempted to ask Dr. Kapoor about what she feared was a mistake in the radiation therapy simulation film, he became very angry, yelling at Ms. DeBaun, pointing his finger at her and telling her and the other staff that they did not know what they were doing. 70. On several occasions, Dr. Kapoor requested that male employees with significantly less experience in radiation therapy than Ms. DeBaun assist him instead of her, for example, asking them to do simulations or make changes on patients’ treatment areas. 71. On one occasion, Ms. DeBaun attempted to ask Dr. Kapoor about a boost radiation treatment and how he wanted her to prepare for the treatment. Dr. Kapoor completely ignored her, refused to respond to her and walked away from her quickly. When he got to the room, he told the less qualified male technical aide how to prepare for the treatment. 72. On a daily basis, Dr. Kapoor gave instructions on patient care to male staff members who were less qualified than Ms. DeBaun, rather than communicate directly with her. 73. For months Dr. Kapoor physically prevented Ms. DeBaun from doing her work. For example, once when Ms. DeBaun was trying to enter a simulation room, Dr. Kapoor grabbed the door and held his hand in front of her face, saying that it was unnecessary for her to come into the room. He shooed her away with his hand. 74. When Ms. DeBaun questioned an inappropriate use of x-rays on a patient, Dr. Kapoor ordered her to proceed. Ms. DeBaun related her concerns to the male radiation therapist. The male therapist related the same concerns to Dr. Kapoor and Dr. Kapoor listened to him and halted the treatment. 75. Dr. Kapoor frequently ignored Ms. DeBaun’s questions, as though she had not spoken, and waited for one of the less qualified male staff members to arrive before giving his instructions to them. 76. On one occasion Ms. DeBaun noticed that an x-ray was hanging backwards, so she reached up to turn it around. Dr. Kapoor slapped her hands away, saying she should not be doing that. 77. Dr. Kapoor grabbed Ms. DeBaun, pushing her down the hall approximately six times. Ms. DeBaun also saw Dr. Kapoor do this to Betty De-LosSantos and Patrick Sanchez three to four times weekly, but not to any of the other male staff. 78. Dr. Kapoor threw x-rays and patient charts at Ms. DeBaun. 79. Ms. DeBaun saw Dr. Kapoor fail to provide female patients with appropriate modesty. She saw him rip drapes off of female patients, and unnecessarily disrobe areas, such as breasts that were not being treated. 80. On one occasion Ms. DeBaun observed Dr. Kapoor pull the nipple of a cancer patient whose breasts had been treated. He pulled the nipple so hard that it popped back and the patient “practically came off the table.” The nipple became erect and Dr. Kapoor went and called two male staff into the room — Magdiel Martinez and Richard Garcia. Dr. Kap-oor then disrobed the other breast, pulled on the nipple until it became erect and pointed it out to the male staff. The patient turned her head and cried. Ms. DeBaun was very upset to see this mistreatment. 81. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. DeBaun that women had one purpose — to serve men sexually. 82. Ms. DeBaun heard Dr. Kapoor say that women should stay home with their babies and not work outside the home. 83. Dr. Kapoor asked Ms. DeBaun why she had not given her second husband a child and why she had left her first husband if she had given him a child. 84. Ms. DeBaun witnessed Dr. Kapoor mistreat other female members of the staff. She saw him yell at Sally Netsch and point his finger in her face and saw him throw charts and x-rays at Betty DeLosSantos. She also saw Dr. Kapoor tell Ms. DeLosSantos to fill the copier with paper, snapping his fingers at her. 85. Ms. DeBaun attempted to raise concerns she had about Dr. Kapoor at the staff meeting Wayne Stockburger organized, but Dr. Kapoor began yelling at the staff, asking who had a problem with him. Dr. Kapoor said to Ms. DeBaun, still pointing his finger in her face, “if you are going to be such a whiny woman and so overly sensitive about things, then this was never going to work and you should seek employment elsewhere.” 86. After Ms. DeBaun complained about Dr. Kapoor to Mr. Stockburger, Dr. Kapoor attempted to get Ms. De-Baun’s probationary employment period extended. 87. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. Netsch that Ms. DeBaun was incompetent and that he could get a monkey to do her job. Ms. Netsch also observed Dr. Kapoor relying on male therapists rather than Ms. DeBaun. Ms. Netsch observed that Dr. Kapoor would not talk directly to or look directly at Ms. DeBaun. 88. Ms. Netsch observed Dr. Kapoor push Ms. DeBaun down the hall. 89. Patrick Sanchez noted that Ms. De-Baun left work upset and cried several times. Mr. Sanchez also saw Dr. Kapoor rely on male employees instead of Ms. DeBaun on numerous occasions. 90. On September 24, 1994, Dr. Kapoor’s anger toward Ms. DeBaun was so disruptive that she could no longer work and went home. 91. Ms. DeBaun continued to protest Dr. Kapoor’s abuse to Mr. Stockburger and Mr. Stockburger arranged a meeting with himself, Dr. Kapoor, and Ms. DeBaun. 92. On November 3, 1994, the day before the first meeting was to take place, Dr. Kapoor told Mr. Stockburger that he had concerns about the abilities of his staff. 93. Dr. Kapoor arrived late at the first meeting with Ms. DeBaun. Dr. Kap-oor questioned Ms. DeBaun about her skill levels with the various machines. Ms. DeBaun indicated that she had been excluded from simulations. When Ms. DeBaun attempted to communicate her concerns, Dr. Kapoor said to Mr. Stockburger, “you see what I have to put up with,” laughed, put his head on his hands shaking it, and then questioned her about the use the various pieces of radiation oncology equipment. 94. At the second meeting Dr. Kapoor arrived on time and stated that there had been no performance problems with Ms. DeBaun in the past week. Ms. DeBaun had had the opportunity to participate in several simulations. 95. Ms. DeBaun put a stop to the meetings with Dr. Kapoor because she felt they were not productive. 96. Because of Dr. Kapoor’s mistreatment of her, Ms. DeBaun had problems sleeping, had nightmares about Dr. Kapoor, lost weight, cried daily, went home exhausted each day and had migraine headaches, muscle spasms, and body aches. She also spent less time with her family. Ms. DeBaun testified that by repeatedly ignoring her, Dr. Kapoor made her feel nonexistent. 97. Ms. DeBaun saw Pam McArthur approximately five times regarding Dr. Kapoor’s abuse. Ms. DeBaun was tearful when she went to see Ms. McArthur and was experiencing physical problems and inability to sleep as the result of mistreatment by Dr. Kapoor. Ms. McArthur recommended that Ms. DeBaun resume taking anti-depressants. 98. Ms. DeBaun decided she could not remain at ENMMC because of Dr. Kapoor’s abusive treatment, so she moved with her family to Colorado Springs 99. Ms. DeBaun had been earning approximately $18.00 per hour working a full day shift at ENMMC. One in Colorado Springs, Ms. DeBaun was unemployed through the summer and into the fall of 1995, despite placing applications for employment throughout Colorado Springs in retail and grocery stores as well as the area hospitals. Ms. DeBaun also applied for radiation therapy jobs as far away as Pueblo and Denver, Colorado, with no success. 100. Ms. DeBaun eventually obtained part-time employment PRN (as needed) at Memorial Hospital in Colorado Springs in the cancer center in radiation oncology as a radiation therapist, earning $17.86 per hour. The hours were sporadic and unpredictable. In the winter of 1995, Ms. DeBaun was temporarily able to get full-time hours. In 1996, she returned to part-time hours. 101. Ms. DeBaun retired from radiation therapy in December of 1998 because she no longer had confidence in her ability despite her some fifteen years of experience and training. G. Anna Nieto 102. Ms. Nieto was originally hired at ENMMC in the Radiation Oncology Department as a temporary employee in July of 1994. She was then hired in Radiation Oncology as a block cutter and radiation therapy assistant from August of 1995 to July of 1996. Prior to working at ENMMC, Ms. Nieto did not have experience with radiation oncology or block cutting. 103. Ms. Nieto is a Hispanic woman. 104. While Ms. Nieto worked in Radiation Oncology, Richard Garcia was in school and assisted at ENMMC as a radiation tech and block cutter on an as-needed basis. At that time he had approximately six to seven years experience with block cutting. 105. During her July 1994 stint in Radiation Oncology, Dr. Kapoor made unwelcome sexual advances to Ms. Nieto, asking her if she had a boyfriend and offering to walk her to her car. Ms. Nieto lied, saying her boyfriend was coming to get her to avoid Dr. Kapoor’s advance. She was scared when Dr. Kapoor showed an interest in her and tried to avoid him. Ms. Nieto had a previous experience of sexual harassment which led her to drop out of college. When Dr. Kapoor approached her in this way, Ms. Nieto was fearful, distressed, and discouraged that this kind of experience was happening to her again. 106. During July 1994, as Ms. Nieto followed a patient into the treatment room, Dr. Kapoor placed his hand on her lower back below her waist for several seconds, making a circular, massaging motion. This caused Ms. Nieto to tense up and become distressed. Again, Ms. Nieto avoided Dr. Kapoor as much as possible. 107. Ms. Nieto did not complain to anyone in the ENMMC administrative staff about Dr. Kapoor asking to walk her to her car or caressing her back. 108. When Ms. Nieto returned to work as a full-time employee in 1995, a patient suggested to Ms. Nieto that she date Dr. Kapoor because he was a doctor and had money. She told the patient that she was not interested in dating Dr. Kapoor. Based on the fact that Ms. Nieto saw Dr. Kapoor speaking to the patient in the hallway directly before suggesting to Ms. Nieto that she date Dr. Kapoor, that Dr. Kapoor had made previous advances to Ms. Nieto, and that Dr. Kapoor’s treatment of Ms. Nieto worsened after her refusal to date him, the Court concludes that Dr. Kapoor requested that the patient talk to Ms. Nieto about dating him. 109. After Ms. Nieto told the patient she did not want to date Dr. Kapoor, his treatment of her worsened. Dr. Kapoor began to criticize her work, grab x-rays out of her hands, and belittle her in front of patients and the other staff. 110. Dr. Kapoor had not criticized Ms. Nieto’s work before her statement to the patient that she would not date Dr. Kapoor. 111. Ms. Nieto heard Dr. Kapoor telling someone at the workplace, “mañana, mañana, lazy Mexicans.” 112. Ms. Nieto heard Dr. Kapoor saying that his staff was not back from lunch because they were on siestas. 113. In December 1995, Magdiel Martinez and Patrick Sanchez expressed concerns to Mr. Stockburger that Dr. Kapoor had begun to harass Ms. Nieto. 114. Dr. Kapoor’s criticisms of Ms. Nie-to’s work reduced her to tears at the hospital three or four times. Once, Mr. Martinez saw her crying in the block cutting room. 115. On one occasion when Dr. Kapoor rejected one of Ms. Nieto’s blocks, he ordered Mr. Garcia to re-cut it for her. Instead, Ms. Nieto re-cut the block herself. Thinking that Mr. Garcia, a male, had cut the second block, Dr. Kapoor found it acceptable. 116. In June of 1996, during a period of time when the radiation treatment machine was broken, Mr. Sanchez called Ms. Nieto in to work on a radiation simulation of a patient. Ms. Nieto came to the hospital wearing clothes that were not appropriate for the work setting — jeans and a t-shirt. When she arrived, Dr. Kapoor screamed “what is she doing here?” in front of the patient, Mr. Martinez and Mr. Garcia. Ms. Nie-to explained that she was there to the cut the blocks. Dr. Kapoor said he did not need her because he had Mr. Garcia. Dr. Kapoor said someone should contact Jerry Gant to get Ms. Nieto out of the room. 117. Ms. Nieto contacted Jerry Gant and went to see Pam McArthur about the incident in which Dr. Kapoor told her to leave the simulation room. Ms. Nieto filed a written grievance against Dr. Kapoor with the hospital’s human resources administrator, Susan Craig Fish, who investigated the incident. During her investigation, Mr. Martinez stated that Dr. Kapoor had in fact raised his voice at Ms. Nieto and that after Dr. Kapoor threw Ms. Nieto out of the simulation room, the patient asked Mr. Martinez if Dr. Kapoor was crazy. 118. Ms. Nieto never heard Dr. Kapoor make derogatory comments about women to her or in her presence. Dr. Kapoor never made racially discriminatory comments to her. 119. Ms. Nieto saw Pam McArthur for two counseling sessions about several issues — problems in the workplace, her mother’s recent surgery, financial problems, and the difficulties of being a single parent. The second session focused on being ridiculed by Dr. Kapoor in front of a patient the day he required her to leave the simulation room. Ms. Nie-to was crying and distraught when she saw Ms. McArthur about that incident. 120. While working in Radiation Oncology, Ms. Nieto experienced sleep problems. She continues to have nightmares about Dr. Kapoor. 121. Ms. Nieto left the Oncology Radiology Department for unexplained periods of time during her work hours. 122. Wayne Stockburger recommended that Ms. Nieto’s position be eliminated and that a third radiation therapist be hired instead. 123. Less than one month after Dr. Kap-oor made Ms. Nieto leave the simulation room, Mr. Stockburger told Ms. Nieto she should start to look for another position. 124. Ms. Nieto was initially able to transfer to another job in ENMMC working nights in the emergency room. The night hours made it difficult for Ms. Nieto to care for her child and exposed her to guns and gang activity, so she left that position. 125. Ms. Nieto earned $6 per hour in Radiation Oncology and $7.55 per hour in the emergency room. 126. Ms. Nieto later obtained another job with a dentist, but she was fired when she asked for two days off to give her deposition in this case. Ms. Nieto ultimately went back to school and is currently completing her training in respiratory therapy, living on student loans and child support payments. Because of Dr. Kapoor, she is apprehensive about working at ENMMC in the future. H. Patrick Sanchez 127. Patrick Sanchez was the dosimetrist in the Radiation Oncology Department from May of 1993 to August of 1996. He had fifteen years of biomedical physics and dosimetry experience when he began at ENMMC. 128. Mr. Sanchez is a Hispanic man. 129. Dr. Kapoor suggested to Mr. Sanchez that they should get together, start a farm, hire a bunch of “wetbacks,” pay them two to three dollars per hour, and make a lot of money. 130. Patrick Sanchez witnessed Dr. Kap-oor’s mistreatment of other Hispanic staff and heard Dr. Kapoor make racially derogatory comments. In Patrick Sanchez’ presence, Dr. Kap-oor said that Frank Sanchez was a very stupid person, that he did not know what he was doing, and that he was a “stupid, lazy Mexican.” Dr. Kapoor told Mr. Sanchez that Betty DeLosSantos was stupid, that she could not be trusted, that she lied, and that she was “ a lazy Mexican.” Mr. Sanchez heard Dr. Kap-oor tell Ms. DeLosSantos not to have contact with a particular patient — the wife of a rich man who worked in the oil industry, because Ms. DeLosSantos was “not of her kind.” Dr. Kapoor told Mr. Sanchez that Mary Gonzales was a lazy Mexican and that she did not know what she was doing. 131. On several occasions when Mr. Sanchez raised a concern with Dr. Kap-oor about patient treatment, Dr. Kapoor yelled at Mr. Sanchez, calling him stupid, and pointing his finger in Mr. Sanchez’ face. 132. Dr. Kapoor told Patrick Sanchez that he was a “stupid, lazy Mexican” and that he did not know what he was doing. 133. Dr. Kapoor pushed Mr. Sanchez down the hall. 134. Ms. Gonzales heard Dr. Kapoor yell at Mr. Sanchez. 135. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. Netsch that Mr. Sanchez was a “lazy Mexican” who did not understand radiation therapy- 136. Frank Sanchez, a certified radiation therapist at ENMMC, heard Dr. Kapoor refer to Patrick Sanchez and Frank Sanchez as “stupid, lazy Mexicans.” 137. Mr. Sanchez repeatedly reported to Mr. Stockburger that Dr. Kapoor mistreated the staff. 138. On April 10, 1995, Dr. Kapoor reported to Mr. Stockburger that he was losing confidence in Mr. Sanchez. 139. On April 18, 1995, Mr. Sanchez reported to Mr. Stockburger that Dr. Kapoor was treating Ms. DeLosSan-tos “like dirt” and was screaming at the staff and at patients. Mr. Sanchez reported that he felt Dr. Kap-oor was trying to get rid of him by mistreating him. 140. Two days later, on April 20, 1995, Mr. Stockburger met with Dr. Kap-oor to discuss Dr. Kapoor’s behavior in the department. Dr. Kapoor complained to Mr. Stockburger about Mr. Sanchez’ work and said that Mr. Sanchez could not be trusted anymore. 141. After this meeting, Dr. Kapoor’s treatment of Mr. Sanchez worsened. 142. On April 26, 1995, Mr. Stockburger scheduled a meeting with himself, Mr. Sanchez, and Dr. Kapoor. During the meeting Dr. Kapoor rarely spoke and only addressed Mr. Sanchez directly when Mr. Stockburger asked him to do so. When Mr. Sanchez attempted to express his concerns, Dr. Kapoor laughed, grabbed Mr. Stockburger’s hand and arm, and placed his head down in his arms which were on the table, as if he were sleeping. Mr. Stockburger and Mr. Sanchez told Dr. Kapoor that his behavior was not helpful. Dr. Kapoor, while looking at Mr. Stockburger and not at Mr. Sanchez said, “If I have insulted you,’ I am sorry.” 148. On April 27, 1995, the day after the meeting, Mr. Sanchez began counseling with Pam McArthur regarding his frustration with Dr. Kapoor’s conduct. He exhibited signs of depression including sleep problems and overeating. She observed that Mr. Sanchez’ personality had changed. He was less friendly and quieter. Mr. Sanchez discussed Dr. Kapoor’s abusive treatment of Hispanic Medicaid patients, retaliation by Dr. Kapoor when he tried to stand up for his co-workers, racial slurs, and Dr. Kapoor’s humiliation of him. Mr. Sanchez had approximately ten sessions with Ms. McAr-thur. 144. At Ms. McArthur’s recommendation, Mr. Sanchez went to a psychiatrist who prescribed anti-depressants for him. He discontinued the medication due to the side effects. 145. As a result of experiencing and witnessing Dr. Kapoor’s mistreatment, Mr. Sanchez overate, gaming 100 pounds, and he has now been diagnosed with diabetes. Mr. Sanchez’ relationship with his family has also deteriorated. 146. In July of 1995, Dr. Kapoor encouraged Mr. Stockburger to terminate Mr. Sanchez, arguing that he was unnecessary to the department, that his work was unacceptable and that the hospital could hire someone with the same experience for less money. He also complained that Mr. Sanchez was the cause of the problems in the department. 147. In June of 1995, Dr. Kapoor told Ms. Gonzales that Mr. Sanchez would not be at the Cancer Center much longer. 148. In May of 1996, Mr. Stockburger met with Mr. Sanchez to tell him that there was a plan to reorganize the department and to replace the dosimetrist position with a joint do-simetrist/radiation therapist. Mr. Sanchez told Mr. Stockburger that he believed this was being done as retribution for his complaints and allegations against Dr. Kapoor. 149. In July of 1996, Mr. Stockburger told Mr. Sanchez that his job at ENMMC was being eliminated. 150. Mr. Sanchez received $2,000 severance pay from ENMMC. 151. ENMMC replaced Mr. Sanchez with Tomas Herrera, who is a dosimetrist and radiation therapist. 152. When he lost his employment at ENMMC, Mr. Sanchez was receiving a salary of $62,500, health insurance premiums of $250 per month; yearly social security contributions of $3,000; yearly retirement savings of $8,000 matched by the hospital in the amount of $8,000; annual raises of $3,000; and one month of vacation and four weeks of sick leave per year. 153. Mr. Sanchez was unemployed for eleven months after leaving ENMMC. He had to cash in his $75,000 retirement funds less penalty and taxes, resulting in $30,000 net proceeds. 154. Mr. Sanchez relocated from New Mexico to Washington. His salary in Washington is $53,400. In order to buy a house comparable to the one his family had in Roswell, Mr. Sanchez chose to live a considerable distance from his home. He travels five to six hours per day to and from work, whereas in Roswell he was within walking distance from his job. This extensive travel time has resulted in less time with his family and contributed to his continued depression and overweight condition. I. Mary Gonzales 155. Mary Gonzales worked as a nurse in the Radiation Oncology Department at ENMMC for approximately six weeks in the summer of 1995. At the time of her employment in Radiation Oncology, Ms. Gonzales was a graduate nurse who had completed her studies to become a registered nurse (“RN”), but had not passed the necessary examination. She had previously worked with cancer patients in the United States Army and had fourteen years of nursing experience. 156. Ms. Gonzales is a Hispanic woman. She was born in Mexico and moved to New Mexico when she was twelve years old. 157. Ms. Gonzales was present when Dr. Kapoor told a White female patient that her daughter had “gone down,” degraded herself, and degraded the family by marrying a Hispanic man. 158. An African-American female patient came to the Cancer Center with painful mouth cancer. Dr. Kapoor looked at the patient’s mouth while Ms. Gonzales was in the room, but never touched the patient. Ms. Gonzales asked Dr. Kapoor if he was going to give the patient something for her pain and he replied that he was not, that she was one of the those ladies on welfare, that she was going to die anyway, and to just do the minimum for her. 159. In front of a patient, Dr. Kapoor mocked the way Ms. Gonzales was standing, telling her that she thought she was a model. 160. After she answered a patient’s questions in Spanish, Dr. Kapoor told Ms. Gonzales not to talk in “that language” any more. He told her that she was in the United States now and should speak English. This insulted Ms. Gonzales’ heritage and restricted the patient’s ability to get her questions answered. 161. When a former teacher of Ms. Gonzales’, who was receiving treatment in Radiation Oncology brought her flowers, Dr. Kapoor suggested that he give the flowers instead to White secretary Paula Baker because Ms. Baker was “educated.” Ms. Gonzales felt degraded by this comment. 162. On another occasion, this same patient who was being treated for prostate cancer came in for a treatment and Dr. Kapoor said to the patient in Ms. Gonzales’ presence that “women are penis envy.” The patient could not understand Dr. Kapoor, so Ms. Gonzales repeated the comment. Ms. Gonzales was embarrassed by this comment and by having to repeat it. 163. On June 12, 1995, Ms. Gonzales made a written report to Mr. Stock-burger about the penis envy comment. Mr. Stockburger met with Dr. Kapoor about the incident on June 13,1995. 164. Both at trial and at the meeting with Mr. Stockburger, Dr. Kapoor tried to explain the comment as an attempt to return the conversation to one of a clinical nature by quoting Sigmund Freud and away from the patients’ sexual comments. Ms. Gonzales testified that the patient had not made a sexual comment when Dr. Kapoor discussed penis envy and the Court finds Dr. Kap-oor’s explanation unbelievable. While agreeing that it is appropriate for a doctor to discuss sexual dysfunction with a prostate cancer patient, the Court finds that this was not the context in which Dr. Kapoor made the comment. If a patient had made an inappropriate sexual comment, the appropriate response was not to invoke the bizarre, outdated theory of penis envy, but rather to either tell the patient his comment was inappropriate or to return the conversation to a truly clinical one, focused on the patient’s condition. The Court is at a loss as to how a discussion of penis envy made the conversation more clinical. Moreover, because Ms. Gonzales’ written complaint regarding the comment is consistent with her trial testimony and the Court has several bases for doubting Dr. Kapoor’s credibility, as noted above, the Court finds Ms. Gonzales’ version of the incident more reliable. 165. After Ms. Gonzales made her complaint, Dr. Kapoor began treating Ms. Gonzales worse than before. He screamed at her, excluded her from treatment areas, and threw things at her, including patient charts and lab slips. 166. Cynthia Ball, an RN at ENMMC, submitted a written complaint to Wayne Stockburger concerning an incident in which Ms. Gonzales asked Dr. Kapoor to confirm some lab results and sign the lab slips. Ms. Gonzales referred to the final lab results as “original.” Dr. Kap-oor yelled at her for this mistake and threw the chart and the lab slips, some of which hit Ms. Gonzales. 167. Dr. Kapoor instructed Ms. Gonzales that she was not to go into the treatment area and that she was only to work with Spanish-speaking patients. 168. Dr. Kapoor told Patrick Sanchez that Ms. Gonzales was a “lazy Mexican” and did not know what she was doing. After Ms. Gonzales complained about Dr. Kapoor’s “penis envy” comment, Mr. Sanchez noted that Dr. Kapoor acted angrily toward Ms. Gonzales, for example, throwing charts at her. 169. After she had complained about Dr. Kapoor’s conduct, he yelled at Ms. Gonzales on a daily basis. Sometimes at the end of the day Dr. Kapoor would call Ms. Gonzales into Ms office, close the door and say that he yelled at her for her own good. 170. Ms. Gonzales saw Pam McArthur at least once to discuss Dr. Kapoor’s mistreatment. She exhibited signs of depression, including losing sleep, vomiting and being unable to eat. 171. By June 22, 1995, nine days after Mr. Stockburger met with Dr. Kap-oor about Ms. Gonzales’ concerns, Dr. Kapoor related to Mr. Stockbur-ger that he was beginning to question Ms. Gonzales’ capabilities as a nurse. 172. On or about July 6, 1995, Patrick Sanchez reported to Mr. Stockbur-ger that Mary Gonzales “will not tolerate the mental abuse from Dr. Kapoor much longer and will probably quit.” 173. Ms. Gonzales spent two weeks serving in the National Guard during the summer of 1995. Upon her return, Dr. Kapoor was even more hostile to her. On one occasion Ms. Gonzales made a mistake. Dr. Kapoor got very angry, yelling at her that he wanted her out of there. Ms. Gonzales said she did not want to be there and that she quit. Dr. Kapoor then threw a Physician’s Desk Reference (“PDR”), a hardback book approximately three inches thick, at Ms. Gonzales, hitting her in the chest. 174. Ms. Gonzales decided to leave ENMMC because of Dr. Kapoor. After the incident in which Dr. Kap-oor threw the PDR at her, she went to Mr. Stockburger asking for a transfer. 175. Mr. Stockburger transferred Ms. Gonzales to the nursery, where she previously asked not to work because when she was a young girl an infant sibling of hers had died in her arms. She only worked there for two days. 176. Because of Dr. Kapoor’s mistreatment Mary Gonzales suffered loss of self esteem, fear, nightmares, and sadness. Ms. Gonzales was a woman who endured many difficulties including coming into the United States at age twelve by herself, suffering ridicule at school in the United States because of her inability to speak English, serving in the United States Army and National Guard, and being a single mother. She thought of herself as strong enough to endure Dr. Kapoor’s abuse, yet she felt weak by the time she left ENMMC. While working in Radiation Oncology, Ms. Gonzales frequently cried, felt nauseated, dreamt about work, was angry, had a loss of appetite and dreaded going to work. 177. At the time Ms. Gonzales left ENMMC she was earning $12.67 per hour. After leaving ENMMC she worked briefly in a nursing home working night hours for $11.50 per horn1, then moved to Texas to try to find work. Ms. Gonzales is now working as a temporary nurse, traveling around the State of New Mexico as needed. She earns $20 per hour, but has no benefits such as health insurance and leave time and works all shifts, putting approximately 35,000 miles a year on her vehicle, which is now in a state of disrepair. She typically drives four hours (round trip) to Clovis to work a twelve-hour shift. In addition to the economic consequences of lost time and expenses of travel, Mary Gonzales suffers from loss of sleep, risk of motor vehicle crash injury and separation from her family. 178. Recently, Ms. Gonzales found lumps in her breast, which will have to be treated without benefit of health insurance. J. Betty DeLosSantos 179. Betty DeLosSantos was a licensed practical nurse (LPN) in the Radiation Oncology Department from August of 1993 to May of 1995. She had worked as a nurse for ENMMC or its predecessor since 1966. When she began working in Radiation Oncology, Ms. DeLosSantos had no prior experience with radiation oncology, though she had worked with cancer patients during her many years of nursing. 180. Ms. DeLosSantos is a Hispanic woman. 181. Dr. Kapoor would only let Ms. De-LosSantos work with Spanish-speaking patients for whom she could translate. Dr. Kapoor made sure that Sally Netsch, rather than Ms. DeLosSantos, cared for certain “VIP” patients, saying they were not of Ms. DeLosSantos’ “kind.” These patients were White. Ms. DeLos-Santos tried to avoid having contact with White patients in the Cancer Center because she did not want to get into trouble with Dr. Kapoor. 182. Dr. Kapoor regularly ignored Ms. DeLosSantos when she asked him a question. 183. Dr. Kapoor grabbed and pushed Ms. DeLosSantos many times. If Dr. Kapoor needed Ms. DeLosSantos for something he would come around the desk, grab her by the arm, and drag her where he wanted her. 184. Dr. Kapoor threw things like medical charts, records, and pencils over the nurse’s station desk at Ms. De-LosSantos on an almost daily basis, and grabbed things out of her hands. 185. Dr. Kapoor frequently yelled at Ms. DeLosSantos and pointed his finger within a foot of her face 186. On one occasion, Dr. Kapoor threw a chart at Ms. DeLosSantos, hitting a cup of coffee and causing the coffee to spill on the floor and splatter on her arm and clothes. Dr. Kapoor never apologized. Mr. Sanchez and Ms. DeBaun saw the mess. Ms. De-Baun helped Ms. DeLosSantos clean it up. Ms. DeLosSantos complained to Wayne Stockburger about this incident. 187. Dr. Kapoor called Ms. DeLosSantos stupid many times — sometimes in front of patients and other staff members. This made her feel degraded and embarrassed. 188. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. DeLosSantos that she was a “stupid Mexican” and so were her family members. 189. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. DeLosSantos that she could attend staff meetings, but that she should not talk. 190. Dr. Kapoor said that Ms. DeLosSan-tos was not a “real” nurse and suggested that she should go work in a nursing home, saying: “This job is not for you. It’s a high-tech job.” 191. Dr. Kapoor told Ms. DeLosSantos that he was going to buy some land for a farm, go across the border and bring some Mexicans over to work cheap so that he could get rich. He pointed to Ms. DeLosSantos and said: “I’m sure you have some friends or relatives that would do that.” 192. One day when Ms. DeLosSantos brought a chart in to Dr. Kapoor and corrected herself about which room a patient was in, Dr. Kapoor threw the chart down on the desk and yelled at Ms. DeLosSantos, “I’m going to have to fire you. You are so stupid. You can’t even remember where you put the patient. You’re just like all the other Mexicans around here, lazy and stupid, always wanting to take siestas.” 193. Ms. DeLosSantos observed that Dr. Kapoor spent less time with Hispanic patients and would say that he would only give certain Hispanic and African-Americans a little bit of treatment because in six months, and then he would make a thumbs-down motion 194. Dr. Kapoor ordered Ms. DeLosSan-tos to take care of menial non-nursing tasks. He told her to fill the copy machine with paper when he was standing in front of the machine, snapping his fingers at her and saying “go, go, go.” Ms. De-Baun witnessed this. Dr. Kapoor also told Ms. DeLosSantos to clean the scuff marks off the nurse’s station that he had put there by kicking the station. Dr. Kapoor did not assign these tasks to male employees. Ms. Netsch observed Dr. Kapoor instruct Ms. DeLosSantos to clean scuff marks off of the nurse’s station. 195. Pat Sanchez, Sally Netsch and Phyllis DeBaun heard Dr. Kapoor refer to Ms. DeLosSantos as a “stupid, lazy Mexican.” Dr. Kapoor also told Ms. Netsch and Ms. DeBaun that Ms. DeLosSantos lied and told stories. 196. Ms. Netsch and Ms. DeBaun observed Dr. Kapoor push Ms. DeLos-Santos down the hall. 197. Patrick Sanchez saw Dr. Kapoor insult Ms. DeLosSantos on a daily basis, grab her by the arm and push or pull her down the hall. Mr. Sanchez also saw Dr. Kapoor exclude Ms. DeLosSantos from interacting with White patients. 198. Frank Sanchez heard Dr. Kapoor call Ms. DeLosSantos incompetent, stupid, fat, and slow. 199. In addition to the abuse and derogatory comments directed towards her, Ms. DeLosSantos witnessed Dr. Kapoor abuse and degrade other women in Radiation Oncology. She saw Dr. Kapoor repeatedly get mad and yell at Phyllis DeBaun. She observed Dr. Kapoor ignore Ms. De-Baun’s attempt to point something out about an x-ray, going instead to Richard Garcia — a male radiation tech with less experience and training. This was a pattern that Ms. DeLosSantos observed whereby Dr. Kapoor would go to the male employees rather than Ms.