Citations

Full opinion text

GERTNER, District Judge.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION.213

II. PROCEDURAL HISTORY. lO r — ( (M

A. The Comfort Litigation. CP rH iM

1. Parties. SO t-H (M

2. Preliminary Injunction ZO (M

3. Motions to Dismiss_ I> N

B. The Bollen Litigation. t — 1 W

III. TRIAL.218

A. Plaintiffs ’ Case.218

B. Defendants’Case_.219

1. The Administrators: . 219

2. The Parents and Students:.220

3. Defendants’ Experts:.220

C. Plaintiffs’Rebuttal.221

IV. FINDINGS OF FACT.222

A. The Racial Imbalance Act.222

B. Racial Imbalance in Lynn’s Public Schools.224

1. 1977: The First Warning.225

2. 1979: Washington, the First Magnet School.. ■.225

3. 1980s: Profound Changes in Lynn.225

4. 1986: A Series of Failed Voluntary Plans.226

5. 1987-1988: Greater Imbalance; More Accusations.226

6. 1988-1990: Drafting the Current Plan.227

C. The Current Plan .228

D. Continuous Monitoring.230

E. A Current Snapshot of the Lynn School District.230

1. Residential Segregation and Geographical Separation.230

2. “White Flight” and Its Decline after Implementation of the Lynn Plan.230

3. Racial Balance or Imbalance.:.231

4. The Special Problem of Poverty.232

5. School Construction and Renovation.232

6. “Magnet” Schools.232

F. The Lynn Schools at Present.■.232

1. Observations by Participants.233

2. Expert Testimony. CO 04

a. Dr. Orfield: Desegregation Expert. 00 04

b. Drs. Dovidio and Kitten: Social Psychologists. CO