James v. AT & T West Disability Benefits Program (41 F. Supp. 3d 849, 2014)

Re: Dkt. Nos. 35, 42, 45

ORDER ON CROSS MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

WILLIAM H. ORRICK, United States District Judge

INTRODUCTION

Plaintiff Diana James and defendant AT & T Umbrella Benefit Plan No. 1 (“the plan”) have made cross motions for summary judgment about whether the plan’s denial of long-term disability (“LTD”) benefits for James was wrongful. The question I must answer is whether the plan abused its discretion in denying James LTD benefits despite the fact that she suffered from chronic pain and depression. Because I conclude that the plan wrongly disregarded evidence in James’s favor and did not meaningfully identify what evidence she could provide to support her claims, James’s motion for summary judgment is GRANTED and the plan’s motion for summary judgment is DENIED-

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

James was a Service Representative with Pacific Bell Telephone Company from 1997 until she stopped working as a result of the health issues discussed in this Order in 2010. Her job was to assist customers with orders, billing, and collection-related' issues. Administrative Record (“AR”) 410. She was covered under the AT & T West Disability Benefits Program (the “disability plan”). Def. Opp’n Adkins Decl. (Dkt. No. 44-2) ¶ 3. The disability plan is a component program of the AT & T Umbrella Benefit Plan No. 1. AR 833.

I. THE DISABILITY PLAN

Under the disability plan, short-term disability (“STD”) benefits of full or partial wage replacement are available to employees for up to 52 weeks. AR 812-14. Eligibility for STD benefits requires that an employee have a “sickness, injury or other medical, psychiatric or psychological condition that prevents [her] from engaging in [ her] normal occupation or employment with the Participating Company.” AR 812. After receiving 52 weeks of STD benefits, employees may become eligible for LTD benefits. AR 818. Under the disability plan, eligibility for LTD benefits requires that an employee have a “sickness, injury or other medical, psychiatric or psychological condition that prevents [her] from engaging in any occupation or employment for which [she is] qualified or may reasonably become qualified, based on training!,] education or experience.” AR 818.

The terms of the disability plan provide that “[t]he Plan Administrator (or, in matters delegated- to third parties, the third party that has been so delegated) will have sole discretion to interpret [the disability plan], including ... determination of coverage and eligibility for benefits, and determination of all relevant factual matters.” AR 834. The disability plan also states that “[t]he Claims Administrator has been delegated authority by the - Plan Administrator to determine whether a particular Eligible Employee who has filed a claim for benefits is entitled to benefits” and that “[t]he Appeals Administrator has been delegated authority by the Plan Administrator to determine whether a claim was properly decided by the Claims Administrator.” AR 834.

Sedgwick Claims Management Services, Inc. (“Sedgwick”) is the third party that has been delegated responsibility for both the entire claims and appeals processes under the disability plan. AR 801, 833, 836; Def. Opp’n Adkins Decl. ¶ 4; Def. Opp’n Hagestad Decl. (Dkt. No. 44-1) ¶¶ 1-2. The group at Sedgwick that handles disability benefits claims is called the AT & T Integrated Disability Service Center (“IDSC”). Def. Opp’n Hagestad Decl. ¶3. Appeals of denied disability claims are decided by Sedgwick’s Quality Review Unit (“QRU”). Def. Opp’n Hagestad Decl. ¶ 4. The QRU makes its determination based upon the information that was before the IDSC in making the initial denial decision, the issues and comments submitted by the participant employee, and any other evidence that the QRU may independently discover. Def. Opp’n Hagestad Decl. ¶ 4. The QRU may seek assistance from independent medical advisors to analyze medical information in submitted in support of claims. Def. Opp’n Hagestad Decl. ¶ 4; AR 827.

Only the Claims Administrator has discretion to determine whether an employee has a disability qualifying her for STD or LTD benefits. AR 813, 819. In determining eligibility, Sedgwick relies upon objective medical findings from the employee’s providers concerning the severity of the patient’s condition and its impact on the employee’s ability to work. See AR 57, 238, 492; Def. Opp’n Hagestad Decl. ¶ 8. “A medical opinion that is not supported by objective and measurable medical findings is .usually insufficient to support a claim for disability benefits.... General, vague, or unsupported descriptions of disability alone are not useful in making determinations about an employee’s ability to work.”, Def. Opp’n Hagestad Decl. ¶ 8.

Sedgwick does not have a role in the Plan’s funding and is not a source of funds used to pay disability benefits. Def. Opp’n Adkins Decl. ¶6; Def. Opp’n Hagestad Deck ¶ 5. Sedgwick receives a flat fee for its services regardless of whether it approves or denies claims. Def. Opp’n Adkins Deck ¶ 6; Def. Opp’n Hagestad Deck ¶ 5.

II. JAMES’S STD BENEFITS

James has been seeing Dr. Natalia Balytsky, a pain management specialist, since 2007 for chronic low back pain and facet syndrome.' AR 77. Since that time, James has received numerous steroidal injections for her pain, the severity of which has varied over time. On a scale of one to 10, James has reported feeling pain ranging from two to 9.5. AR 76. On March 3, 2009, Dr. Balytsky opined that James’s pain was chronic based on her observations of James over two years. AR 77.

On June 2, 2009, James took leave from work due to depression, arthritis, and sciatica. AR 1, 59. On June 10, 2009, Dr. Balytsky diagnosed James with “Facet Syndromefiow back pain/arthritis.” AR 75. James’s symptoms included “[l]ow back pain caused by prolonged sitting ... arthritis in elbows, shoulders and fingers.” AR 75. James was also “unable to sit and type due to her condition.” AR 75. Dr. Balytsky expected James’s condition to improve within three months with treatment and prescribed treatment involving radio frequency ablation if a medial branch block was successful — both depended on authorization from her insurance company. AR 75. She suggested that James “avoid prolongad] sitting, bending, lifting & typing” for three months. AR 75.

On June 15, 2009, in support of James’s claim for STD benefits, Sedgwick received office visit notes and a Mental Health Provider Statement from her psychiatrist, Dr. Robert Swanson. AR 9-10. James told Dr. Swanson that “she doesn’t have the energy and ability to concentrate that is necessary for work, lead[ing] to increased anxiety at work.” AR 10. Dr. Swanson observed symptoms of depression, anxiety, and persistent pain in the neck, hands, and back. AR 64. He noted James’s inability to concentrate, but stated that she did not require assistance to go about daily life. AR 65. Instead of providing her with a return-to-work plan and date, Dr. Swanson “recommend[ed] retirement” because her “pain isn’t going to get better.” AR 65; see also AR 66.

On July 1, 2009, Sedgwick received June 18, 2009, office notes from Dr. Balytsky. The notes stated that James has “major depression.” While she did not have suicidal or homicidal thoughts or psychotic symptoms, the medical evidence “provides significant observable evidence of severe cognitive or functional impairment precluding appropriate communication with peers and customers, higher level reasoning, multitasking or obtaining and retaining info, due to comorbid diagnosis of depression and low back pain.” AR 17-18.

On June 23, 2009, a supervisor at Sedgwick noted that medical documentation showed that James had a medical condition and symptoms that would preclude prolonged sitting, talking, typing, and client interaction, and that she has a “secondary mental health component” that was being exacerbated by her current medical condition. While the supervisor said that giving James some time off was- within reason, James would have to be evaluated to see whether conservative treatment and a full-time return-to-work plan was feasible. AR 14.

On July 8, 2009, Dr. Swanson noted James as being “very anxious” even with medication and was observed as having major depression, anxiety, and chronic back pain. AR 19-20. James’s “back pain persists” and she “needs surgical intervention,” but it was not approved yet. AR 19. Her medication was increased that day. He concluded that “there is no way she can [return to work] anytime soon.” AR 20. Dr. Swanson recommended that, “at best,” James take one month off from work so that he could reevaluate her at that time. AR 20.

On July 14, 2009, Dr. Balytsky noted, “It is my professional opinion[ ] that [James] is unable to sit and type due to her condition. Her pain is worsened by prolonged sitting which is required of her job.” AR 98.

James’s claim for STD benefits was approved starting on June 9, 2009, and was extended several times through November 1, 2009, after which she returned to work on a part-time basis. AR 39-40, 42, 44-45, 142, 155. She received trigger point injections on several occasions during this period. AR 17, 88, 118. On August 5, 2009, she received the medial branch block procedure. AR 105. After the procedure, Dr. Balytsky stated, “the patient is having a lot of severe back pain, significant sitting intolerance, and I do not see the patient being able to go back to work full time.” AR 117.

On September 29, 2009, Dr. Balytsky wrote to Sedgwick stating that while James was not able to return to work yet, after she undergoes another injection upon receiving approval from her health insurance to do so, she is estimated to be able to return to work by November 1, 2009. AR 128. On October 7, 2009, James was approved for the procedure and was scheduled to receive it on October 19, 2009. AR 137. Thereafter, James’s STD benefits were extended to November 1, 2009. AR 140-42.

On October 28, 2009, Sedgwick received a report on a follow-up visit held on October 26, 2009, with Dr. Balytsky. AR 143. Dr. Balytsky wrote that James’s condition improved, so she was being released to work part-time for two weeks. AR 143. Sedgwick approved James’s request for a modified work schedule from November 2, 2009, to November 15, 2009, and her department provided the accommodation. AR 39-40, 42, 148, 155. The accommodation was later extended to November 22, 2009, based on James’s request. AR 44-45. On November 23, 2009, James returned to work fulltime. AR 45-46.

On January 5, 2010, James went on leave again and was approved for STD benefits. AR 160, 230. Because she had been on leave within the 13 weeks prior, her STD benefits continued from what remained of her 52-week STD benefits allotment after her last disability claim. AR 160.

On January .12, 2010, Sedgwick received a statement from Dr. Swanson identifying symptoms of major depression, chronic back pain, and knee and neck pain in James. AR 242. He reported that James could not function in a high-stress job when she is severely depressed and recommended that she not return to work and go on permanent disability. AR 242-43. She occasionally cried, and the treatment Dr. Swanson was recommending for her was “just for maintenance” but was not “expect[ed] to improve the patient’s physical or cognitive functioning.” AR 242. Sedgwick also received a January 8, 2010, statement from Dr. Balytsky, who indicated that James received trigger point injections on January 7, 2010, and would improve in three to four weeks, although James “is not able to tolerat[e] prolonge[d] sitting or standing.” AR 245. The plan approved STD benefits for James from January 12, 2010, to January 31, 2010. AR 249.

On January 26, 2010, Sedgwick received a statement from Dr. Leo Becnel, who diagnosed James with cataracts and recommended surgery. AR 262-63. Based on this documentation, James was approved for STD benefits through February 14, 2010. AR 269-70, 275-76. Two days later, Dr. Swanson stated in a doctor’s certificate that James was “not to work again.” AR 690.

On January 29, 2010, Sedgwick received a “Physical Capacities Evaluation: Sedentary” form from Dr. Balytsky. AR 176, 277-78. Dr. Balytsky reported that James would not be able to stand or sit for more than 10-15 minutes, nor would she be able to lift or bend; the doctor said that although James could maneuver a mouse and view a computer screen for up to four hours a day, she would not be able to work for more than an hour a day. AR 277. In particular, James would need a break every 15 minutes for 10 minutes. AR 277. Dr. Balytsky stated that James’s restrictions were “permanent” and Dr. Balytsky could not provide a return-to-work plan for James; she also noted that a sii/stand work station would not help James. AR 278.

On February 9, 2010, Sedgwick received a statement from Dr. Geoffrey Tompkins, an orthopedic surgeon. AR 176, 284. He stated that James demonstrated a normal gait unsupported; both her knees showed full equal range of motion; both her hips showed “normal exam”; she had tenderness in both knees, but neither demonstrated an effusion or crepitation; both knees had a normal ligamentous exam; “McMurray’s test” did not cause any significant pain; and a “neurocirculatory exam” resulted in a normal diagnosis. AR 287. However, he noted that James was “on significant narcotic medication for chronic back pain.” AR 287. Dr. Tompkins also reviewed x-rays from September 4, 2009, and concluded that they showed mild-to-moderate lateral joint spacing harrowing bilaterally, slightly greater on the left. AR 287. He gave James injections in both knees and reported that she would improve in three to six months. AR 284, 287.

On February 16, 2010, Sedgwick received a note from Dr. Balytsky stating, “At this time I feel it is in Mrs. James[’s] best interest to remain off of work until February 24, 2010.” AR 301. On March 3, 2010, Dr. Balytsky reported back to Sedgwick about her February 24th meeting with James, stating, “It is my professional opinion that Mrs. James needs to apply for permanent disability. I do not believe that she will be able to return to work under her medical conditions.” AR 321.

On March 15, 2010, Sedgwick received notes from a March 3, 2010, appointment with Dr. Swanson indicating that James’s back pain limited her activities, that she had depression, and that “she can’t possibly do her demanding work in her present condition (physically) and it is unlikely to improve.” AR 194, 338-39.

On March 18, 2010, a Sedgwick employee reviewed James’s claim file and concluded based on the medical information received that James was unable to see a computer screen to perform talking and typing tasks. AR 195-96. The employee noted that the documents indicated that her sight could improve if her cataracts were removed. AR 196. Sedgwick then approved STD benefits for James through April 18, 2010. AR 197.

On April. 13, 2010, Sedgwick received an April 7, 2010, Preoperative Evaluation completed by Dr. Catherine Davis, a primary care physician. AR 346. Dr. Davis reported that James’s “Hip xrays were unremarkable. No obvious arthritis.” AR 346. On April 16, 2010, Dr. Davis forwarded to Sedgwick a hip x-ray report by Dr. David Schmidt, in which he reported “[n]o acute fracture or focal osseous abnormality” in James and her “[h]ip joints and sacroiliac joints appear unremarkable.” AR 353. He concluded that it was an “[ujnremarkable examination.” AR 353.

On April 16, 2010, Sedgwick received a report from Dr. Jason Bacharach stating that James had cataract surgery for her left eye on April 14, 2010, and surgery for her right eye was scheduled for June 9, 2010. AR 356.

On May 24, 2010, Dr. Balytsky completed another “Physical Capacities Evaluation: Sedentary” form, stating that James could not stand or walk for more than 15 minutes and that she could not tolerate prolonged sitting. AR 558-59. Dr. Balytsky also stated that James could speak and view a computer screen for up to three to four hours and maneuver a mouse for up to one to two hours during the course of an eight-hour workday, but that she could not work for more than an hour overall. AR 558. These restrictions, Dr. Balytsky said, were permanent. AR 559.

On May 26, 2010, Dr. Balytsky informed Sedgwick that James was appealing her insurance company’s denial of a facet rhizotomy procedure. AR 205, 379, 400. Sedgwick extended James’s STD benefits through July 25, 2010. AR 397. On July 1, 2010, James’s insurance company reconsidered its denial and authorized the facet rhizotomy procedure. AR 400. On July 27, 2010, Sedgwick extended Plaintiffs STD benefits to August 17, .2010, on which date James would reach the maximum 52-week period of time for STD benefits available to her under the disability plan. AR 404-06.

III. JAMES’S LTD BENEFITS

On April 21, 2010, Sedgwick sent James a letter as part of a package advising her that her STD benefits would expire on August 17, 2010, and stating that -she may be eligible for LTD benefits. AR 479. The package contained, among other things, a document entitled “For Objective Data,” which explained the need to submit “objective data” to properly evaluate her claim, including “physical findings, laboratory results, imaging studies or other objective data ... as it impacts functional impairment.” AR 492-93. This data had to be “objective, not subjective.” AR 492. The document does not appear to identify any objective data for showing pain or depression.

On May 7, 2010, an LTD case manager called James to explain the LTD claims process, including what forms to fill out, when to return them, and the benefits James could receive; she also explained that the definition of disability for LTD benefits was different than the definition for STD benefits, namely, the former required an inability to work in any occupation. AR 417-19. During the conversation, James said that she needed trigger point and facet injections, that “she is better in the sense [she does not] have to stress about the inability to be at work,” and that work had become too stressful and hard — “real hard.” AR 420. James also said that she could dress herself, bathe, do certain household chores, walk the dog, watch the news, read, drive (unless she is too medicated or in too much pain), and cook. AR 420-21.

On June 2, 2010, Sedgwick received James’s application for LTD benefits. AR 572. She said that she first became disabled on January 5, 2010. AR 572. She also sent a “Training, Education and Experience Statement,” which indicated that she had a college degree in Romance Languages, took computer classes in the late 1980’s, used the internet, could use the company software at work, and could somewhat use Microsoft Word and Excel. AR 568-69.

On June 18, 2010, Dr. Balytsky noted that James’s “severe low back pain,” which renders her “not able to sit or stand for more than 15-20 min.,” was a permanent condition. AR 689.

On June 22, 2010, James sent Sedgwick a copy of a Supplementary Certification that was sent to the California Employment Development Department and completed by Dr. Balytsky on "June 16, 2010, indicating that James had “severe low back pain” and that her “condition is permanent.” AR 578-79. On June 30, 2010, James sent Sedgwick a physician’s office visit note dated June 28, 2010, indicating that her pain scale was 9 out of 10, that she was awaiting “RFA authorization,” and that she needed trigger point injections “today.” AR 580. On July 1, 2010, Sedgwick received office notes from Dr. Tompkins indicating that James received injections in both knees on June 30, 2010. AR 581.

On July 12, 2010, a case manager called and left messages for Drs. Balytsky, Swanson, Bacharach, Tompkins, and Davis, requesting their availability for a doetor-todoctor call. AR 428. The next day, only Dr. Swanson called back, and he stated that he was unavailable that week and that he would need to see James first before making before speaking making such a call. AR 429.

On July 13, 2010, James’s LTD claim was referred to two Physician Advisors (“PA”) to provide opinions on whether James’s medical information supported the likelihood that she would be able to return to work within six to 12 months after her STD benefits expired, and whether there was “medical evidence of a current severe medical condition” that would continue to prevent James from performing sedentary work only. AR 429-30.

On July 14, 2010, PA Reginald Givens, a psychiatrist, called Dr. Swanson and left a message asking him to call back by the next day to set up a time to discuss James. AR 430. After reviewing James’s records, Dr. Givens observed that the most recent documentation was a June 30, 2010, note from a physician assistant, Robert Crenshaw, and another June 28, 2010, note. AR 430-31. Neither note reported any specific mental status examination findings or psychiatric symptoms. AR 430. Dr. Givens concluded that there was “insufficient objective evidence of cognitive dysfunction that would prevent Diana James from performing occupational duties” as a result of psychiatric disorder. AR 431. In addition, he said that there was “[n]o specific testing of cognitive functioning [] documented in the records.” AR 431. Dr. Givens completed his report on July 16, 2010, without having spoken to Dr. Swanson. AR 430-31.

On July 15, 2010, PA Neal Sherman, an internal medicine physician, called Drs. Tompkins and Davis and left messages. AR 432-35. Dr. Skvaril, the physician covering for Dr. Davis at the time and who had treated James on three to four occasions, returned Dr. Sherman’s call and stated, among other things, that Dr. Davis last saw James on April 7, 2010, for a preoperative evaluation and in anticipation of cataract surgery, and that Dr. Davis had not seen her since. AR 432, 613. Dr. Sherman found that “[t]he medical records provided for review d[id] not include documentation of abnormal physical findings documenting the severity of [James’s] medical condition.” AR 433. “In the absence of that documentation, she would be considered to have the capacity to perform a full range of sedentary job duties without restriction or limitation,” Dr.. Sherman concluded. AR 433. For example, he noted that although Dr. Balytsky recommended permanent restrictions for James in her May 18, 2010, evaluation, the recommendation was completed in the absence of supporting physical findings. AR 433-34. While recognizing that James was “receiving long-acting narcotics” for “chronic low back pain” and is “under treatment for hypertension, degenerative joint disease of the hip and knees as well as hyperlipidemia,” Dr. Sherman concluded that “[i]n the absence of documentation of abnormal physical findings, it is not possible to independently confirm the restrictions proposed by Dr. Balytsky” and “the employee would be considered fully capable of performing a full range of sedentary work activities as of 7/21/10 forward.” AR 434. Dr. Tompkins had not returned Dr. Sherman’s call before Dr. Sherman completed his report on July 16, 2010.

On July 19, 2010, based on James’s file and the reports from Drs. Givens and Sherman, Sedgwick concluded that, despite her “treatment for chronic depression with anxiety” and the care she is receiving for chronic pain, James’s documentation did not support the severity of her medical or mental conditions, and she had the capacity to perform sedentary job duties. AR 435. On July 21, 2010, Sedgwick informed James that because she “may have some work capacity,” Sedgwick would conduct a vocational review to determine whether she met the definition of disability for LTD benefits. AR 583.

On July 22, 2010, a Transferable Skill Assessment was completed by Job Accommodation Specialist Sri lakshmi Sennerikuppam. AR 585-86. Sennerikuppam reviewed James’s file and medical records, and noted that she has “hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and chronic low back pain secondary to facet arthropathy with myofascial pain[,] as well as degenerative joint disease affecting her hips and knees.” AR 585. Based on James’s education and work history and her job description, Sennerikuppam noted that her job “is rated at the sedentary level of physical demand,” which is defined as work involving sitting most of the time, but which may also involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. AR 585-86. Sennerikuppam identified four alternative occupations for James: (i) information clerk; (ii) telephone solicitor; (iii) call center representative; and (iv) customer service representative. AR 586. Under the “Medical Information” section of the analysis, Sennerikuppam noted, “For the purposes of this assessment, I have been asked to utilize the following information as identified by the Case Manager: Ms. James can perform sedentary work.” AR 585. Sennerikuppam did not mention James’s history of depression and anxiety.

On July 26, 2010, James faxed Sedgwick a number of medical documents, including a July 1, 2010, letter from her insurance company stating that it had approved a rhizotomy procedure for her and another document showing that James had received “bilateral sacroiliac joint steroid injections” on July 16, 2010. AR 587-90.

On August 2, 2010, a “roundtable” consisting of a Sedgwick case manager, the case manager’s supervisor, and a nurse case manager met to review James’s files and claim for LTD benefits. AR 447-48; Def. Opp’n Hagestad Decl. ¶ 13. The roundtable noted that the rhizotomy procedure was scheduled for August 13, 2010, and that James received bilateral trigger point injections to her knees and lumbar spine. AR 448. The roundtable concluded that the rhizotomy procedure would not preclude James from sedentary duties because such a procedure typically produces soreness for one to two days, but a person undergoing the procedure would retain or gain the ability to resume sedentary activities. AR 448. The roundtable determined that James’s medical documentation did “not support the inability to function in the workplace ... due to the lack of assessment and physical findings in the medical record,” and noted that alternative sedentary occupations were identified for her. AR 447-48.

On August 9, 2010, Sedgwick received office visit notes from Dr. Swanson indicating that James’s depression and anxiety were reduced somewhat with medication, but still persisted. AR 591. Dr. Swanson also noted that James would need periodic injections for her knee and lumbar pain for the rest of her life. AR 591. He said that “there is no way this woman could return to demanding work — her condition has already deteriorated too much to be employed.” AR 591.

On August 11, 2010, Sedgwick called James to inform her that her claim for LTD benefits was denied because there were no “objective” findings to indicate her inability to perform a sedentary job. AR 451. James was told that although she provided documents of her diagnoses and pain, there was no testing of any functional impairment provided. AR 451. Sedgwick determined that James “does have [the] capacity to perform all sedentary job duties,” but does not explain how it came to that conclusion. AR 450.

On August 17, 2010, James contacted Sedgwick to verify what type of medical documentation was needed to extend her benefits; she was merely told that she needed to submit medical documentation “proving functional impairment” and “objective notes and findings.” AR 451-52. By September 1, 2010, Sedgwick still had not sent James a denial letter. AR 454. From August 17th until September 13th, James contacted Sedgwick a number of times to seek information regarding her LTD claim and said that she was attempting to submit additional medical information to support her application. AR 452-55

On August 23, 2010, James’s “HR status” was changed to “TERMINATED.” AR 453. On September 14, 2010, James informed a union representative, “Due to my extensive health issues, I regret that returning to work will not be an option for me. Therefore, I decline the necessity of pursuing a grievance for getting my job back after my recent separation from at & t [sic] subsequent to the expiration of my 12 month short term disability.” AR 730.

On September 22, 2010, Sedgwick sent a letter to James informing her that she did not qualify for LTD benefits based on a review of medical documentation spanning from December 2009 to August 2010. AR 602. She was told that “[c]linical information did not document a severity of your condition(s) that supports your inability to perform any occupation.” AR 603. While the documentation noted her chronic back, knee, and neck pains, as well as depression and anxiety caused by those pains, a preoperative evaluation for her left cataract surgery showed lab results that were “normal, hypertension well controlled, metabolic panel normal for March 2010.” AN 603. In addition, James’s x-rays for hip pain were “unremarkable with no obvious arthritis.” AR 603. Medical documents from Dr. Bacharach showed that she had her left cataract removed on April 14, 2010, and then had right cataract surgery on June 9, 2010. AR 603. After Sedgwick’s physician advisor, Dr. Sherman, spoke with Drs. Davis and Skvaril, he concluded that while James “may continue to need ongoing care for continuing symptoms[,] there [wa]s no medical information to substantiate [James’s] inability to perform [her] sedentary job duties.” AR 603.

Sedgwick concluded that her doctors’ notes did “not provide specific objective physical examination findings to indicate functional impairment,” and “[t]here [we]re no specific measurements of range of motion.” AR 603. Further, there was no new neurological or motor strength testing, or recent imaging studies or any other type of studies or findings to indicate how James was functionally impaired from her job duties or any other type of job duties. AR 603. Sedgwick informed James that based on her training, education, and experience, the Transitional Skills Analysis performed on July 22, 2010, identified four alternate occupations that she was qualified to perform. AR 603. Sedgwick cited no evidence of its own to controvert the observations and conclusions of James’s treating physicians.

The denial letter from Sedgwick included an outline of the appeals procedure, which included a list of medical evidence James must submit in support of her appeal. AR 605. The list required: a clear outline of her level of functionality; a description of how her level of functionality impacts her ability to work and perform her daily activities; a detailed description of her treatment provider’s rationale for the employee’s level of functionality; and clinical documentation that supports her treatment provider’s rationale. AR 605. For mental health, she must provide: findings from formal mental status examination including clinical presentation and interaction; observations made by her treatment provider during office visits and therapy sessions; and dosage of, and response to, medications. AR 605. For medical health, she must submit: findings from physical examinations; diagnostic test results (e.g., lab results, x-rays, MRIs, etc.); and dosage of, and response to, medications. AR 605-06.

IV. JAMES’S APPEAL OF DENIAL OF LTD BENEFITS

On February 6, 2011, James appealed the denial of her LTD claim. AR 611. Along with her appeal form, James attached a seven-page letter she wrote herself and 44 exhibits detailing the many treatments she received and her treating physicians’ observations; she also included application forms submitted for state disability benefits. AR 612-706. The materials documented the numerous treatments she received and problems with which she has been diagnosed. In her letter, James complained that Sedgwick’s denial letter spent “a disproportionate amount of time” discussing the issues giving rise to her STD eligibility rather than addressing why she did not qualify for LTD benefits. AR 613. Further, while Sedgwick’s physician advisor only spoke with James’s primary care physicians, James argued that they were not in a position to speak about the medical conditions that were preventing her from being able to work, i.e., her chronic pain, depression, and anxiety. AR. 613. James also pointed out that the denial letter failed to reference the medications she takes. AR 614.

James also submitted new information that post-dated the denial letter. In a report of a December 3, 2010,. visit for trigger point and hip injections, Dr. Balytsky noted that although James “ambulates well with no assistance,” “[t]he patient is unable to work.” AR 670. A February 2, 2011, certification signed by Dr. Balytsky states that James “is not able to sit or stand for more than 10-15 min., also is not able to use her [illegible] due to pain/swelling.” AR 691. Dr. Balytsky concluded that James “will not be able to perform her regular work.” AR 691.

James also submitted for consideration a Social Security “Medical Source Statement of Ability To Do Work-Related Activities (Physical)” filled out by Dr. Balytsky, dated January 4, 2011. AR 692-97. The document explained that James could not sit or stand for more than one hour without interruption, and that she could sit no more than three hours and stand no more than two hours in an eight-hour workday. AR 693. For the remainder of the eight hours, James “has to have downtime in bed.” AR 693. The statement detailed the extent of James’s hand abilities with regard to “reaching,” handling,” “fingering,” “feeling,” and “push/pull,” and her feet abilities with regard to operating foot controls, though Dr. Balytsky did not identify the findings supporting her assessment. AR 694. The statement listed other restrictions in movement, and Dr. Balytsky observed that James “has chronic low back pain [and] arthritis,” which “can be exaggerated by activities [and] stress.” AR 697. James is unable to “walk a block at a reasonable pace on rough or uneven surfaces.” AR 697. Further, she “suffers from depression and anxiety which contribute to her inability to work.” AR 697. These conditions have lasted and will last for 12 consecutive months. AR 697.

• On February 15, 2011, an appeals specialist at Sedgwick spoke with James over the phone and discussed the appeal process. AR 459-60. The specialist went over the medical documentation received from James, reviewed the list of James’s providers and their specialties, confirmed the reason for her being off work, and gave an explanation of the disability criteria for LTD under the disability plan. AR 460-61. The specialist said that once James advised Sedgwick that her file was complete, Sedgwick would forward the file to independent physician advisors with the same specializations as James’s current providers. AR 461. The specialist explained that the advisors would make one attempt to contact her doctors, but if the advisors were unable to speak with her doctors, they would make recommendations based on the medical information in the file only, so it was important to have all medical information in writing in the file. AR 461. The specialist advised James to follow up with her providers; James said that she understood and did not have any questions. AR 461.

On March 21, 2011, James submitted additional office visit notes from Dr. Balytsky indicating that she received injections in her low back and right hip, and that she had bilateral sacroiliac joint steroid injections on February 17, 2011. AR 711-14, 716-25. In those notes, Dr. Balytsky determined that James “is unable to work” and “suffers from stress related to interaction with spouse and family,” but “ambulates well with no assistance.” AR 716. Dr. Balytsky also stated that James’s “bilateral extremities are normal in regards to inspection, palpation, range of motion, strength, stability and tone.” AR 720. James was scheduled for lower back trigger point injections on March 18, 2011. AR 728. She also submitted handwritten notes from Dr. Swanson stating that her husband lost his job, her pain was “up,” she had depressive days due to pain and finances, she was taking medication, and she was “[n]ot to return to work ever.” AR 715, 733.

In submitting these documents, James sought to substantiate her need for medical procedures and the frequency with which she needed them. AR 712. In particular, James pointed to Dr. Balytsky’s notes as containing “objective conclusions” about her physical condition. AR 713. James noted that, as a 63-year-old woman, it would make little sense for her to stop employment before her retirement age of 65 and lose all the pension, medical, prescription, dental, and vision benefits to which she would be entitled. AR 713. She pointed out the fact that she formally declared that she would not file a grievance to regain her job because she simply cannot work. AR 713. On March 30, 2011, James notified Sedgwick that her appeal file was complete. AR 466.

James’s file was then forwarded to three independent physician advisors. AR 466. One was Dr. Mark Webb, a psychiatrist.: AR 742. He spoke with Dr. Swanson, who explained that James’s’ “main problem is physical pain,” and “with her pain she [wa]s depressed and cannot work from a psychiatric standpoint.” AR 741. Dr. Swanson stated, however, that James was “not at risk” and he never referred her to an intensive outpatient program or found her to be psychotic, though he said that “she is psychiatrically disabled.” AR 741. Dr. Webb also reviewed James’s medical records. He noted Dr. Balytsky’s finding that James had an eight-year history of low back pain. AR 741.

Based on the paper files, Dr. Webb noted that Dr. Swanson’s reports stated that James “had major depression and chronic pain.” AR 741. He also observed that Dr. Swanson said that James “had family issues and pain,” and “depression due to pain and finances.” AR 741. James was also “on two antidepressants and an anxiety medication,” and “could not possibly work as it would only increase her pain.” AR 741. He recorded Dr. Swanson’s conclusion that James “was not to return to work forever. The pain leads to an increase in her anxiety and depression and further disability.”

Based on the foregoing, Dr. Webb concluded that James “was not psychiatrically disabled from any job/any occupation as of 08/18/10 through the present.” AR 741. Dr. Webb reasoned that although James was seen monthly by Dr. Swanson, there was “no detailed mental status examination throughout the medical records provided to highlight any significant or severe complaints,” that she was not found to be at risk or psychotic, and there was no referral to an outpatient program or psychiatric hospital, which would be typical for a disabling mental illness. AR 741-42. Although James was on medication for her depression and anxiety, Dr. Webb opined that she could return to work. AR 742.

On April 4, 2011, Dr. Jamie Lee Lewis, who specialized in physical medicine and rehabilitation, left a message for Dr. Balytsky requesting that she call back within 24 hours, otherwise Dr. Lewis would complete the report “based on available medical information”; Dr. Balytsky did not call back when the report was completed on April 8, 2011. AR 743-44. Dr. Lewis reviewed James’s claim file, including progress notes from 2007 and a letter from Dr. Balytsky dated March 3, 2010, which noted that James “required permanent disability.” AR 744. He observed that James “continued to receive pharmacological pain management as well as a variety of injections including epidurals, facet injections, medial branch blocks, sacroiliac injections, and radiofrequency ablation procedures.” AR 744. Dr. Lewis stated that although James was deemed unable to “sit greater than one hour, stand greater than one hour, or walk greater than 30 minutes” due to her “subjective back pain and stiffness,” there was “[n]o reference to any objective findings” to support these conclusions. AR 744. He said that one “[pjhysical examination noted trigger points in the right lumbar area, but not adequately described.” AR 744. “Medication list of 1/11/11 is also provided and is noted.” AR 745.

Dr. Lewis also looked to James’s older medical records. He noted a February 2007 physical examination, which showed that James had a stable gait but no tenderness in the cervical spine, though she did have tenderness along the paraspinals and right sacroiliac joint, and her motion was reportedly decreased but not quantified; her sensation and strength, however, were intact. AR 744. Dr. Webb also noted an April 2008 MRI, which showed that James’s ligaments appeared normal, and a 2009 visit that showed that James had a normal gait, no significant knee abnormality, and no restricted range of motion or instability. AR 744.

Dr. Lewis concluded that while James routinely reported chronic subjective pain in the low back, “ physical examinations have not demonstrated clinically significant abnormalities,” and her range of motion “was not quantified to demonstrate” any significant loss of strength or sensation. AR 745. Also, he observed that no imaging studies were provided to suggest lumbar pathology other than knee joint degenerative changes. AR 745. Dr. Lewis acknowledged that James’s subjective symptoms had been treated with a myriad of medications and injections and noted that they did not appear to have any clinically significant change. AR 745. He said that although “the provided objective findings suggest degenerative changes,” they “do not suggest any significant abnormal pathology that would have clinically significant functional limitations particularly in the claimant’s ability to fulfill sedentary work activities.” AR 745. Nor did the medical documentation “indicate that performance of sedentary occupation would lead to exacerbation of an underlying muscular condition or cause undue levels of pain.” AR 745. Accordingly, Dr. Lewis concluded that James was not disabled “from any occupation during the dates in question.” AR 745.

On April 8, 2011, Dr. William Andrews, an orthopedic surgeon, called Dr. Tompkins and left a message requesting a return call within 24 hours, otherwise Dr. Andrews would complete his report “based on the available medical information,” but he did not get a response before preparing his report. AR 748. Dr. Andrews noted that James had a history of depression, low back pain, and bilateral knee osteoarthritis, and has had degenerative disc disease and leg pain, necessitating multiple injections and oral pain medications. AR ■748. Dr. Andrews noted that James “did very well” when he saw Dr. Tompkins in September 2009 — Dr. Tompkins had stated that although she was going to need a knee replacement at some point, “as long as she was doing well he would not replace her knees.” AR 748. Dr. Andrews reviewed an April 7, 2010, report of James’s pelvis/bilateral hip x-rays, which said that it was an “unremarkable examination.” AR 748.

Dr. Andrews said that James “has a painful situation in chronic back pain with radicular leg pain and [ ] degenerative arthritis of the knees,” and she would not be able to function in “a heavy job” or a “situation where she is on uneven ground,” but there is “nothing orthopedically relevant on these issues that would preclude her from working in a sedentary to light capacity occupation.” AR 749. Based on the medical documents reviewed, Dr. Andrews concluded that James “was not disabled from any job from an orthopedic perspective from 08/18/10 through present.” AR 749.

On June 9, 2011, Sedgwick sent James a letter informing her that her claim for LTD benefits was denied because “[cjlinical information [did] not document a severity of [ her] condition(s) that supported] [her] inability to perform any occupation as of August 18, 2010.” AR 773. Sedgwick pointed out that its QRU and three independent physician advisors reviewed all of her submitted medical information, including those from Drs. Balytsky, Tompkins, Swanson, Becnel, Davis, and Bacharach, Redwood Regional Medical Group, Petaluma Open MRI, and LabCorp from February 8, 2007, through March 28, 2011. AR 772. Sedgwick repeated each of the independent physician advisors’ findings. These included Dr. Webb’s conclusion that there were “no medical records highlighting any objective or severe psychiatric complaints in any detailed mental status examination,” and that “no other mental health providers [were] brought into [James’s] treatment which would have been typical for a severe or disabling illness.” AR 773. Dr. Lewis had also found that despite the fact that James “routinely reported chronic subjective pain in the low back ... physical examinations have not demonstrated clinically significant abnormalities.” AR 773. Further, although “clinical findings suggested degenerative changes,” Dr. Lewis said that they “did not suggest any significant abnormal pathology that would have clinically significant functional limitations on [James’s] ability to fulfill work activities.” AR 773. In addition, Dr. Andrews found that although the medical information indicated that James was “treated for chronic back pain with radicular leg pain and degenerative arthritis of the knees ... there were no clinical findings that supported [ her] inability to work.” AR 773. Finally, the letter noted the Transitional Skills Analysis that identified four alternate occupations James was qualified to perform based on her “training, education and experience.” AR 773; see also AR 585. Accordingly, she was deemed ineligible for LTD benefits.

PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

James filed this action on December 12, 2012. Dkt. No. 1. The administrative record was lodged on January 30, 2014. Dkt. Nos. 27, 28. The plan filed its motion for summary judgment on March 4, 2014. Dkt. No. 35. James filed her motion for summary judgment on the same day. Dkt. Nos. 40, 42. A hearing on both motions was held on May 12, 2014.

LEGAL STANDARD

I. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ERISA DENIAL OF BENEFITS

Under Section 502 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”), a benefieiary or plan participant may sue in federal court “to recover benefits due to him under the terms of his plan, to enforce his rights under the terms of the plan, or to clarify his rights to future benefits under the terms "of the plan.” 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B). A claim of denial of benefits in an ERISA case “is to be reviewed under a de novo standard unless the benefit plan gives the [plan’s] administrator or fiduciary discretionary authority to determine eligibility for benefits or to construe the terms of the plan.” Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Bruch, 489 U.S. 101, 115, 109 S.Ct. 948, 103 L.Ed.2d 80 (1989).

When the plan grants the plan administrator discretion to determine eligibility for benefits or to construe the terms of the plan, then a court may only review the administrator’s decision regarding benefits for an abuse of discretion. Id. A court “can set aside the administrator’s discretionary determination only when it is arbitrary and capricious.” Jordan v. Northrop Grumman Corp. Welfare Benefit Plan, 370 F.3d 869, 875 (9th Cir.2004). In such a situation, “a motion for summary judgment is merely the conduit to bring the legal question before the district court and the usual tests of summary judgment, such as whether a genuine dispute of material fact exists, do not apply.” Harlick v. Blue Shield of Cal., 686 F.3d 699, 706 (9th Cir.2012). The court must only “consider whether application of a correct legal standard was ‘(1) illogical, (2) implausible, or (3) without support in inferences that may be drawn from the facts in the record.’ ” Salomaa v. Honda Long Term Disability Plan, 642 F.3d 666, 676 (9th Cir.2011) (citation omitted).

“[T]he plan administrator’s decision can be upheld if it is ‘grounded on any reasonable basis.’ ” Montour v. Hartford Life & Acc. Ins. Co., 588 F.3d 623, 629 (9th Cir.2009) (citation omitted); Jordan, 370 F.3d at 875. “In other words, where there is no risk of bias on the part of the administrator, the existence of a ‘single persuasive medical opinion’ supporting the administrator’s decision can be sufficient to affirm, so long as the administrator does not construe the language of the plan unreasonably or render its decision without explanation.” Montour, 588 F.3d at 630. An administrator does not commit an abuse of discretion merely because “the record may contain evidence that could support a contrary conclusion.” Ordway v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., 634 F.Supp.2d 1120, 1123 (S.D.Cal.2007). “An ERISA administrator abuses its discretion only if it (1) renders a decision without explanation, (2) construes provisions of the plan in a way that conflicts with the plain language of the plan, or (3) relies on clearly erroneous findings of fact.” Boyd v. Bert Bell/Pete Rozelle NFL Players Ret. Plan, 410 F.3d 1173, 1178 (9th Cir.2005). “A finding is clearly erroneous when although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing body on the entire evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.” Id. (internal punctuation omitted).

If the plan does not grant the administrator discretion to determine benefits, then review of the administrator’s decision is conducted under the de novo standard. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., 489 U.S. at 115, 109 S.Ct. 948. Under the de novo standard, “[t]he court simply proceeds to evaluate whether the plan administrator correctly or incorrectly denied benefits.” Abatie v. Alta Health & Life Ins. Co., 458 F.3d 955, 963 (9th Cir.2006). The normal summary judgment standard applies under de novo review. See Tremain v. Bell Indus., Inc., 196 F.3d 970, 978 (9th Cir.1999).

If “the same entity that funds an ERISA benefits plan also evaluates claims ... the plan administrator faces a structural conflict of interest: since it is also the insurer, benefits are paid out of the administrator’s own pocket, so by denying benefits, the administrator retains money for itself.” Montour, 588 F.3d at 630. Where such a conflict of interest is alleged and the administrator has discretion to decide eligibility for benefits, the abuse-of-discretion standard still applies and the alleged conflict is but one factor in the analysis, with appropriate weight given to the administrator’s determination depending upon the seriousness of the alleged conflict. Id. at 631. “[A] higher degree of skepticism is appropriate where the administrator has a conflict of interest.” Salomaa, 642 F.3d at 676. As the Ninth Circuit has said,

The level of skepticism with which a court views a conflicted administrator’s decision may be low if a structural conflict of interest is unaccompanied, for example, by any evidence of malice, of self-dealing, or of a parsimonious claims-granting history. A court may weigh a conflict more heavily if, for example, the administrator provides inconsistent reasons for denial; fails adequately to investigate a claim or ask the plaintiff for necessary evidence; fails to credit a claimant’s reliable evidence; or has repeatedly denied benefits to deserving participants by interpreting plan terms incorrectly or by making decisions against the weight of evidence in the record.

Abatie, 458 F.3d at 968-69 (citations omitted). Furthermore, “[t]he district court may, in its discretion, consider evidence outside the administrative record to decide the nature, extent, and effect on the decision-making process of any conflict of interest; the decision on the merits, though, must rest on the administrative record once the conflict (if any) has been established, by extrinsic evidence or otherwise.” Id. at 970.

II. THE APPLICABLE STANDARD

James appears to make two arguments about the appropriate standard to apply here. First, James argues that there is insufficient evidence showing that the plan delegated its discretion to determine benefits to Sedgwick and thus the de novo standard should apply. Second, James appears to suggest that the plan has a conflict of interest.

A. Evidentiary Issues

As an initial matter, James complains that the plan has not included in the administrative record anything that shows that the plan delegated its claims administration to a third party and that the claims process is fair and free from conflict. PI. Opp’n (Dkt. No. 46) 2-3. James also argues that the Adkins and Hagestad declarations, which the plan offered as evidence showing a lack of conflict, .should be deemed inadmissible because Adkins and Hagestad were not disclosed as potential witnesses since no Rule 26 initial disclosures and no (or insufficient) discovery took place. PI. Opp’n 3-6.

1. Adkins and Hagestad Declarations

While a review of the merits of an administrator’s decision concerning benefits is generally limited to the administrative record, a district court has discretion to consider evidence outside the record to discern whether the plan administrator has a conflict of interest. Abatie, 458 F.3d at 970. Courts occasionally allow Limited discovery in ERISA cases when there is an alleged conflict. See, e.g., Zewdu v. Citigroup Long Term Disability Plan, 264 F.R.D. 622, 626 (N.D.Cal.2010) (James, J.).

Generally, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(a)(l)(B)(i) exempts “an action for review on an administrative record” from the usual requirement to make initial disclosures in civil actions. But there is “scant case law” on whether Rule 26 applies in ERISA cases seeking review of an administrative record where, as here, the existence of a conflict of interest is at issue. Peterson v. AT & T Umbrella Ben. Plan No. 1, No. 10-cv-3097-JCS, 2011 WL 5882877, at *5 (N.D.Cal. Nov. 23, 2011).

Peterson v. AT & T Umbrella Benefit Plan No. 1, a case presenting nearly identical arguments as those before me, is instructive. There, the plaintiff argued that two declarations submitted by the defendant should be struck because the defendant did not previously disclose the witnesses and the information contained in their declarations in violation of Rule 26. 2011 WL 5882877, at *1. The Honorable Joseph Spero noted that a few “courts have ordered parties to comply with Rule 26 disclosure requirements in cases involving ERISA disability claims where the court found that discovery was appropriate on the question of whether there was a conflict of interest.” 2011 WL 5882877, at *5. While he agreed that discovery was appropriate in such situations, in the case before hi m, “the parties disputed whether initial disclosures were required and the Court resolved that dispute by not issuing an order requiring initial disclosures but rather, issuing only discovery orders specifically identifying certain types of evidence that Defendant was required to produce on the question of conflict of interest.” Id. at *6. Judge Spero reasoned, “When Defendant represented to the Court that it had produced all of the documents required under the Court’s orders, the Court found that no further discovery was necessary. Under these circumstances, the Court concludes that the initial disclosure requirements of Rule 26 do not apply in this action.” Id. Because there was no discovery order requiring the defendants to reveal the identities of the witnesses before their declarations were submitted, Judge Spero declined to preclude the declarations simply because initial disclosures were not exchanged. Id. at *8.

In this case, James raised the prospect of initial disclosures and discovery concerning the conflict issue as early as May 2, 2013, Dkt. No. 11 at 2-3, but no initial disclosures were ordered, Dkt. No. 21 at 3. In a September 6, 2013, joint case management statement, James indicated that she sought discovery related to any conflict of interest and the fairness of claims administration. Dkt. No. 21 at 5. At the case management conference held on September 12, 2013, the parties noted a dispute concerning the scope of discovery. Dkt. No. 22. While I did not then order initial disclosures or any specific discovery, I instructed the parties to file a joint discovery letter if the dispute was not resolved and granted leave to. exceed my usual page limitation. No such letter was filed. Later, in a January 28, 2014, joint case management statement, the parties represented that “[t]here are no discovery issues remaining.” Dkt. No. 23 at 3. Just over two months later, the parties filed their motions for summary judgment.

Based on the foregoing, James’s complaint is unpersuasive. With regard to the adequacy of discovery, James knew since as late as May 2013 that she intended to raise the issue of a conflict of interest. That the plan would likely present evidence to rebut the allegations of a conflict of interest and unfairness is hardly surprising. At no point, however, did James move to compel discovery on the issue. This was the ease even after I invited the parties to file a discovery letter if the need arose. Over four months later, both parties represented that there were no discovery issues remaining. James had ample time to seek discovery, but did not do so— she cannot credibly claim prejudice. Whatever information James claims that she does not have is not in her hands because of her lack of diligence. Like the plaintiff in Peterson, James should have moved for discovery earlier and cannot now assert that she did not have an adequate opportunity to seek the information she needed. Because I may consider evidence outside the administrative record for the limited purpose of determining whether a conflict of interest exists, the Adkins and Hagestad declarations are admissible. Abatie, 458 F.3d at 970. As in Peterson, I find that “the late disclosure of these witnesses was harmless” and will not exclude them under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37 because they do not conflict with anything in the record and James has not thereby been prejudiced.

2. Completeness of the Administrative Record

James also appears to argue that the administrative record is incomplete. PI. Mot. (Dkt. No. 42) 15-16; PL Opp’n 5; PL Reply (Dkt. No. 47) 8. Although she does not say so, she presumably means to argue that any decision concerning benefits made based on an incomplete record would necessarily constitute an abuse of discretion. She contends that although federal regulations require that a plan provide a claimant “upon request” copies of documents “relevant to the claimant’s claim for benefits,” the administrative record “is lacking in showing an effort at claims neutrality.” PL Mot. 15-16 (citing 29 C.F.R. § 2560.503 — 1(h)(2)(iii)). James says that she “did not conduct discovery on the policies and procedures which insured that Mrs. James received a ‘full and fair’ review of her claim” because she relied on the plan’s representation in the September 6, 2013, joint case management statement that the administrative record the plan produced to her on August 9, 2013, was complete and “includes all the information specified in 29 C.F.R. 2560.503-l(m)(8),” which lists the category of information “relevant” to a claimant’s claim for benefits that must be made available to the claimant upon request. PL Opp’n 5; 29 C.F.R. § 2560 — 503—1(h)(2)(iii).

James’s complaint is unconvincing. Her claim of reliance on the plan’s representation in the case management statement is belied by the fact that James asserted in the very same statement that the administrative record was incomplete. Dkt. No. 21 at 3. In addition, James has not contested the plan’s representation in that statement that she “has already received a copy of the claims administrator’s guide to disability, as well as its internal procedures.” Dkt. No. 21 at 6. Nor has she stated that the plan’s representation in the same statement that, “to resolve this issue without further motion, Defendant will also produce the service agreement between AT & T Services Inc. and Sedgwick ... detailing the financial arrangement between the entities,” has not been honored. Dkt. No. 21 at 7. I instructed James to raise any s