Citations
- 51 F. Supp. 3d 319
Full opinion text
OPINION AND ORDER
KENNETH M. KARAS, District Judge:
Plaintiff Bienvenido Pilao Ong brings this Action against multiple defendants, alleging various claims under federal and state law arising out of five incidents that took place in 2010 and 2011. Before the Court are five motions to dismiss filed by certain groups of Defendants. For the following reasons, the Court grants those motions in part and denies them in part.
I. BACKGROUND
A. Factual Background
The following facts are taken from Plaintiffs Second Amended Complaint and the exhibits attached thereto. (See Second Am. Compl. (Dkt. No. 32).) Plaintiff is an Asian-American naturalized U.S. citizen over the age of 65 who, at all relevant times, was a resident of Middletown, NY. (See id. ¶¶ 28, 78.) Defendants include four entities and a number of individuals employed by those entities, which Plaintiff classifies into five categories: (1) Middle-town Park Rehabilitation and Health Care Center (formerly known as “Park Manor”) (“MPRHCC”), a long-term-care facility primarily serving elderly, individuals; Vincent Maniscalco (“Maniscalco”), an administrator; Darla Conklin (“Conklin”), an assistant administrator; Eileen Masterson (“Masterson”), a director of nursing; Suz-zane Forman (“Forman”), a director of social services; Jenna Green (“Green”), a case manager; Jennifer Small (“Small”), a nursing manager; Wendy Brewster (“Brewster”), another nursing manager; Lisa Reyes (“Reyes”), a physical therapist; “Ms. Dawn” (“Dawn”), a duty nurse; “Ms. Tiffany” (“Tiffany”), a nursing aid; and “Ms. Yvette” (“Yvette”), another nursing aid, (collectively, “MPRHCC Defendants”); (2) Town of Wallkill Police Department (“Wallkill”); Chief of Police Robert Herf-man (“Hertman”); Deputy Chief Antonio Spano (“Spano”); Sergeant Robert Kam-marada (“Kammarada”); Sergeant Robert McLymore (“McLymore”); Sergeant Richard Procak (“Procak”); Officer Jason Farmingham (“Framingham”); Officer “A. Dewey” (“Dewey”); Officer Thomas Kleve-no (“Kleveno”); Officer “S. Belgiovene” (“Belgiovene”); Officer Jeffrey Gulick (“Gulick”); Officer Adam Solan (“Solan”); Sergeant “A. Moskowitz” (“Moskowitz”); and Angelina Guzman (“Guzman”), a police dispatcher (collectively, “Wallkill Defendants”); (3) “New York State Police— Troop F” (“New York State”) and Timothy Mannix (“Mannix”), a New York State police officer; (4) County of Orange (“Orange County”); Tim Murphy (“Murphy”), the head supervisor of Orange County’s Adult Protective Services department (“APS”); and APS case workers Candice Crain (“Crain”), Kate Labuda (“Labuda”), Dina Lacatena (“Lacatena”), and Andrea Leo (“Leo”) (collectively, “Orange County Defendants”); and (5) Sholes & Miller, LLP (“Sholes & Miller”), a New York law firm. (See id. at 1-3.)
The Complaint divides its allegations and exhibits into five sections corresponding to the five days on which the events giving rise to Plaintiffs Complaint allegedly occurred. The Court’s summary follows Plaintiffs chronological organization.
1. March SO, 2010
On March 30, 2010, Plaintiff got into an argument with his daughter, who was a minor. (Id. ¶¶ 63, 109.) The police were called, and Defendant Farmingham, along with other unnamed police officers, arrived at Plaintiffs home. (Id. ¶ 109.) Plaintiff attempted to explain the situation, but “Farmingham did not listen to [his] explanation,” and instead “just hand cufffed]” Plaintiff and “dragg[ed] [him] down stair[s] going to ... [a] driveway.” (Id.) Farmingham then “unlawfully arrested” Plaintiff, using “substantial force ... without provocation” while doing so (Id.)
Farmingham “never created or made [an] arrest/incident[ ] report,” (id. ¶ 51.1), but Plaintiff was nevertheless charged with one count of second-degree menacing, N.Y. Penal Law § 120.14, and one count of endangering the welfare of a child, N.Y. Penal Law § 260.10, both Class A misdemeanors under New York law, (see id. ¶ 56; see also id. Ex. 1.2 (Securing Order, dated Mar. 30, 2010)). Bail was set at $1,000 cash or $2,000 bond, but Plaintiff was remanded and remained in jail until he was released on April 4, 2010. (See id. ¶ 59; see also id. Ex. 1.2.)' Plaintiff was ultimately convicted of one count of endangering the welfare of a child, as charged, and one count of disorderly conduct, N.Y. Penal Law § 240.20 (the latter of which is a “violation,” as opposed to a Class A misdemeanor) on May 6, 2010. (See id. Ex. 1.4 (Seal Order, dated Mar. 21, 2013, indicating that Plaintiffs case was adjudicated on May'6, 2010, and that it “was terminated with a conviction for a noncriminal offense”); see also id. (Certificate of Disposition, dated Jan. 15, 2013, indicating same).)
While Plaintiff was in jail, authorities took two actions related to Plaintiffs charges. First, on March 30, the day of Plaintiffs arrest, a town court justice issued a temporary Order of Protection against Plaintiff, prohibiting him from certain types of contact with his daughter and two other individuals. (See id. ¶ 60; see also id. Ex. 1.1 (Order of Protection, dated Mar. 30, 2010).) That order expired on April 15, 2010. (See id. ¶ 63; see also id. Ex. 1.1.) Nevertheless, perhaps due in part to the Order, Plaintiff stayed in a hotel from April 4, 2010 (the day he was released) until May 20, 2010, and thereby incurred $3,306.94 in charges. (See id. ¶ 59; see also id. Ex. 1.6 (Microtel Folio).) Second, on March 31, the day after Plaintiffs arrest, while he was still in jail, Wall-kill police officers — one of whom was Defendant Dewey — went to Plaintiffs home and seized a firearm and a pistol permit, the former of which police later secured in an armory, and the latter of which they forwarded to the Orange County Pistol Permit Office. (See id. ¶¶ 39, 56, 59, 110; see also id. Exs. 1.5-1, 1.5-2 (Firearms Surrender Report, dated Mar. 31, 2010).) It is unclear whether police returned these items to Plaintiff when he was released, but on April 7, three days later, a county court judge issued an Order of Suspension, ordering that Plaintiffs pistol permit be suspended, that Plaintiff “immediately surrender all weapons and license [sic] to the Orange County Sheriffs Department,” and that, if Plaintiff did not comply, the Orange County Sheriffs Department would be “directed to send a representative to take custody of said weapons.” (Id. Ex. 1.5A (Order of Suspension, dated Apr. 7, 2010); see also id. ¶ 63.2.)’
2. August 20, 2010
On August 20, 2010, Plaintiff lived with his mother in an apartment in Middletown. (Id. ¶ 111.) That afternoon, Defendant Guzman, a 911 operator, received a call from Plaintiffs neighbor, who reported that “Plaintiffs mother was yelling that she was being sexually assaulted and/or otherwise physically abused by Plaintiff.” (Id.) Guzman then dispatched Defendants Farmingham and Kleveno to Plaintiffs apartment. (Id.) After they arrived at the apartment and knocked on the door, Plaintiff answered and asked them why they were there. (Id.; see also id. ¶ 75.) Initially, Farmingham asked Plaintiff if Plaintiff knew him; Plaintiff responded that he remembered Farmingham as the officer who arrested him on March 30, 2010. (Id. ¶¶ 75, 111.) Farmingham then told Plaintiff that he was there to arrest Plaintiff again, and when Plaintiff asked him why, Farmingham responded that the police had received a call from Plaintiffs neighbor reporting that Plaintiffs mother was “ ‘yelling for help’ ” and that “it sounded as though someone [was] being raped.” (Id. ¶¶ 64, 111; see also id. ¶ 75 (alleging that Farmingham told Plaintiff that'he was “going to arrest [him] again because somebody heard ... [his] mom yelling [that] she was getting or being rape[d] and [that] [someone] [was]' biting [his] mother”).) When Plaintiff asked about the'neighbor’s identity, the officers refused to tell him. (Id. ¶¶ 75, 111.)
Farmingham and Kleveno then “immediately” entered the apartment and “closed the door,” at which point Farmingham “push[ed] [Plaintiff] near [a] door,” told him to “put [his] hand[s] up,” and then told him to “start stripping] from head to foot.” (Id. ¶ 111.) The officers, aware that Plaintiff previously possessed a handgun and a pistol license, were specifically looking for a “weapon or |un.” (Id.) Farmingham then “put hand cuffs on [Plaintiff] [and] then start[ed] biting Plaintiff’; Kleveno saw this occur, but did not try to intervene. (Id.; see also id. ¶¶ 64, 71.)
At some point while in Plaintiffs apartment, Farmingham stated that he detected a “ ‘very strong odor of something rotting.’ ” (Id. ¶ 65.) He then “went to [Plaintiffs] refrigerator,” “open[ed]” it, commented that it “ ‘smell[ed] [of] rotten food,’ ” and asked Plaintiff whether he was “ ‘feeding [his] mother’ ” rotten food. (Id. ¶ 67.) Plaintiff responded that the officers should “not [be] searching and opening [his] refrigerator” because they were there for the “ ‘purpose’ ” of responding to the “ ‘anonymous call,’ ” and that they were “ ‘violating [his] privacy and at the same time harassing’ ” and “ ‘intimidating’ ” him. (Id.) In a similar incident, while Plaintiff was in handcuffs, he asked Farmingham to “closet ][his] laptop” before the officers brought him to the police station, but Farmingham refused. (Id. ¶ 73.) Plaintiff alleges that he was later told by a friend who went to Plaintiffs apartment after Plaintiff was taken to jail that Farming-ham searched Plaintiffs laptop and made a comment to Plaintiffs friend about Plaintiffs finances based on information he obtained in the search. (Id. ¶¶ 73, 111.)
While the officers were at the scene, an ambulance arrived, as well as Defendant Crain, who appeared on behalf of APS. (See id. ¶ 77.1; see also id. Ex. 2.0 (Incident Report, dated Aug. 20, 2010, indicating that Crain and a non-party nurse were at the scene); id. Ex. 2.1 (Arrest Report, dated Aug. 20, 2010, indicating same).) All of those parties entered Plaintiffs mother’s bedroom and, after examining her at the scene, decided to send her to Orange Regional Medical Center for a full evaluation. (See id. Ex. 2.0.) Although the examining doctor found “[n]o information regarding sexual or psychiatric abuse” and that there were “no fracture[s]” or “signs of infection,” he did determine that Plaintiffs mother suffered from “[d]ementia,” “severe dehydration,” and “[pjhysical abuse” in the form of “eechymosis on the skin of upper and lower extremities and blisters.” (Id. ¶ 77.1.; id. Ex. 2.14 (History and Physical, dated Aug. 20, 2010).) The doctor also noted that he would consider a “gynecological exam,” possibly based on the rape allegations. (Id. ¶ 77.1; id. Ex. 2.14.)
The police filed an Incident Report that day, which included an officer’s account of the arrest:
On August 20, 2010, [Farmingham] was dispatched to [Plaintiffs apartment] to check the welfare of an elderly female. Upon arrival[, Plaintiff] answered the door, [Farmingham] informed [Plaintiff] that [he] and officer Kleveno were there to check the welfare of his mother. Upon [Plaintiff] answering the door there was a very strong odor of something rotting. [Plaintiff] immediately became defensive and stated to [the officers] that he had just put his mother to sleep and the he did not want us to wake her. [The officers] then informed [Plaintiff] that [they] would need to speak to his mother before leaving. [Plaintiff] agreed to let [the officers] speak to his mother. While walking in [Plaintiff] began to appear very nervous. Upon entering [the mother’s] bedroom, [the officers] immediately observed several bruises on [the mother’s] legs [and] arms and also that [the mother] had a black eye. [Farmingham] also observed bed sheets next to [the mother’s] bed that were covered in urine. [Plaintiff] was asked to leave the room so [Farm-ingham] could speak to [the mother]. [Farmingham] then interviewed [the mother,] who was visibly shaking and appeared confused. [Farmingham] attempted to interview [the mother,] but. due [to] a language barrier [Farming-ham] was unable to obtain information from [the mother]. [The mother] also appeared to [be] frightened and afraid to speak to [the officers]. [An ambulance] was dispatched and [Farmingham] contacted [APS]. [Farmingham] spoke with Candice Crain of APS[,] who stated that she would respond to [the] location. Upon arrival of [the ambulance,] [Plaintiff] stated to [the officers] and in front of the [ambulance crew], “I tie [sic] her legs up.” [The officers] then took [Plaintiff] into custody, [and Plaintiff] was then transported to [the] station for processing. Upon arrival of [Crain], [Crain] spoke with [the mother] and discovered that her legs[,] which were covered under the blankets[,] were still tied with a twisted plastic bag. [Crain] immediately removed [the mother’s] legs from the restraint and informed [Farm-ingham]. [The mother] was transported to [the hospital] for evaluation.... [Crain] went to the hospital with [the mother]. Upon arrival to the hospital[, Crain] discovered with hospital staff further bruising on [the mother’s] breast and upper thighs. [The doctor] stated that the bruising was consistent with [the mother] being physically abused.
(Id. Ex. 2.0.) The police also provided Plaintiff with an official notice, required by N.Y. C.P.L. § 710.30, of the county’s intent later to offer Plaintiffs statement, “I tie [sic] her legs down,” into evidence. (Id. Ex. 2.0-2 (710.30 Notice, dated Aug. 20, 2010).)
Plaintiff was charged that day with second-degree endangering the welfare of a vulnerable elderly person (a Class E felony), N.Y. Penal Law § 260.32, third-degree assault (a Class A misdemeanor), N.Y. Penal Law § 120.00, and second-degree unlawful imprisonment (a Class A misdemeanor), N.Y. Penal Law § 135.05. (Id. ¶ 65; see also id. Ex. 2.1 (Arrest Report, dated Aug. 20, 2010).) In a misdemeanor information and felony complaint filed the same day, Farmingham offered an account of the incident that appears to be consistent with the account he gave in the Incident Report:
[Plaintiff] ... [,] on Aug[ust] 20, 2010 at approximately [3:25 p.m.,] being the caregiver for 92 year old victim (Felicidad P[.] Rana)[,] did physically tie [the], victim’s feet together and then to the bed using a plastic bag, in order to prevent said victim from being able to get out of bed. Furthermore[,] the victim was unable to stand on her own and walk to the bathroom due to the tightness in her ankles from being restrained[,] causing said victim to urinate on the floor. [Plaintiff] ... [,] on Aug[ust] 20, 2010 at approximately [3:25 p.m.,] being the caregiver for 92 year old victim (Felicidad P[.] Rana)[,] did physically tie [the] victim’s feet to the bed using a plastic bag. [Plaintiffs] actions did cause swelling and severe bruising to [the] victim’s ankles and feet.
(Id. Ex. 2.2 (Misdemeanor Information, filed Aug. 20, 2010).)
(Id. Ex. 2.3 (Felony Complaint, filed Aug. 20, 2010).)
Plaintiff was kept in jail overnight, but the next morning he was released on bail with the assistance of his friend. (Id. ¶ 64.) That same day, Plaintiff saw a doctor, who completed a medical examination, which included taking numerous x-rays, and concluded that Plaintiff had bruises on his stomach and left arm. (See id. ¶ 71; id. Ex. H (prescription slip, noting that Plaintiff complained of being “bitten by police” and had “bruise[s]” on his chest and abdomen); id. Exs. I, J, K (x-ray images); id. Exs. L, M, N (photos of Plaintiff appearing to indicate bruises).)
S. June 10, 2011
On June 10, 2011, Plaintiffs mother was a resident at MPRHCC, where she lived on the third floor, fifth unit, in Room # 511. (Id. ¶¶ 102, 112.) While visiting his mother in her room, Plaintiff observed that his mother had been “neglected,” in that she was not wearing any pants or socks, but was “covered [only] by [three] bed sheet[s],” and was therefore “chilling because [the air conditioner] was so high.” (Id. ¶ 90; see also id. ¶ 102.) He also observed that her pants, which had been “ ‘thrown in the garbage,’ ” were “full of feces and soak[ed] with urine.” (Id. ¶¶ 90, 102.) Plaintiff was concerned, not only because of his mother’s present situation, but also because he knew that multiple times his mother had repeatedly pushed a “ ‘red button’ ” in her room to summon help, “but no one came[ ] in.” (Id. ¶ 90.) Plaintiff asked two nurses, Defendants Tiffany and Yvette, to watch his mother while he asked a third nurse, Defendant Dawn, who was alone at a nearby nursing station, to bring his mother some socks. (Id. ¶¶ 90,102.)
At some point, Dawn “reported Plaintiff to [the] Director of Nursing.” (Id. ¶ 90.) Then, Defendant Brewster, a nursing manager, and Defendant Reyes, a physical therapist, “allegedly called the [Wallkill] police to inform the[m] that she [sic] had heard Plaintiff yelling [at his] mother and [making] verbal threat[s] regarding the use of [a] firearm.” (Id. ¶ 112.) Two police officers responded to the scene: Defendant Gulick, from Wallkill, and Defendant Mannix, a state trooper. (See id. ¶¶ 88, 102-03.) They did not find a firearm at the scene, (id. ¶ 112), but Gulick did arrest Plaintiff and charge him with third-degree attempted assault (a Class B misdemeanor), N.Y. Penal Law §§ 110.00, 120.00, and first-degree endangering the welfare of an incompetent or physically disabled person (a Class A misdemeanor), N.Y. Penal Law § 260.25, (see id. ¶¶ 88, 102; see also id. Ex. 3.18 (Arrest Report, dated June 10, 2011).) Plaintiff alleges that, throughout the course of the incident, only seven people were present: Gulick, Mannix, Tiffany, Yvette, Plaintiff, his mother, and Defendant Masterson. (Id. ¶ 102.) Conversely, he alleges that a number of Defendants — specifically, Conklin, Small, Brewster, Green, Forman, Reyes, and Maniscalco — were not present. (Id. ¶¶ 86, 87, 89, 90, 102.)
A temporary Order of Protection issued that same day, ordering Plaintiff to surrender any firearms he owned or possessed, and prohibiting Plaintiff from certain types of contact with his mother. (Id. Ex. 3.15 (Order of Protection, dated June 10, 2011).) Another temporary Order of Protection was then issued on July 12, 2011, restricting Plaintiff generally from any form of communication or contact with his mother, but allowing Plaintiff to visit his mother “only ... under the supervision of [Plaintiffs friend] Brent Borgmann.” (Id. Ex. 3.21 (Order of Protection, dated July 12, 2011).) A final temporary Order of Protection was entered on August 2, 2011, retaining the supervised-visit condition of the previous order while also ordering Plaintiff to refrain from committing “any criminal offense or interference with” his mother. (Id. Ex. 3.23 (Order of Protection, dated Aug. 2, 2011).) The Order, which expired on August 2, 2012, also entered an “adjournment in contemplation of dismissal” of Plaintiffs case, meaning that if Plaintiff complied with the Order for one year, he could expect the charges to be dismissed. (Id.; see also id. Ex. 3.26 (Letter from Plaintiffs attorney, Craig Stephen Brown, Esq., to Plaintiff, dated Aug. 5, 2011, informing Plaintiff that he “[was] given a one ... year Adjournment in Contemplation of Dismissal with a limited Order of Protection,” and that “[i]f [he] [did] not get arrested within this one ... year time period, the charge [would] be dismissed”).)
The Complaint is somewhat unclear as to the details of the incident that prompted Plaintiffs arrest, but documents attached to the Complaint — -including a Domestic Incident Report and an Incident Report— contain Defendant Gulick’s account:
While [Plaintiff] was visiting [his mother] at a rehabilitation/nursing facility, [Plaintiff] became verbally abusive towards [his mother] and also struck and pushed [her] several times. [Plaintiff] was placed in custody by [Gulick]. [Plaintiffs mother] did not suffer any injuries. [Her] [statement was taken from [a] staff member who witnessed [the] incident.
(Id. Ex. 3.17 (Domestic Incident Report, dated June 11, 2011).)
[Gulick] responded to a 911 [call]. Upon arrival [Gulick] located [Plaintiff] inside a private residential room with [his mother] and several staff members from [MPRHCC]. [Gulick] advised [Plaintiff] to exit the room and stand in the hallway. [Plaintiff] was uncooperative but eventually left the room. [Gulick] and [Defendant Belgiovene] searched [Plaintiff] because it was reported [that] he made a verbal threat regarding the use of a firearm. No firearm [was] located. [Gulick] spoke with [a witness, who was a physical-therapist assistant,] who advised [that] at approximately] [5:00 p.m.,] she [was] walking down the hallway and heard yelling, cursing[,] and what sounded like approximately] [three] slaps coming from [Plaintiffs mother’s] room.... [The witness] observed [Plaintiffs] arm in the air in a striking position and [Plaintiff] then started forcibly pushing [his mother’s] knees and legs while yelling[,] “Fucking diaper!!” [The witness] stated [that] she is familiar with [Plaintiff] because he' visits [his mother] everyday [sic] and she is aware of numerous complaints against [Plaintiff] by staff members. [The witness] stated [that] after observing the incident, she advised [a nurse manager named Wendy,] who called 911. [Gulick] placed [Plaintiff] into custody and transported [him] to [the Wallkill police station]. [Gulick] processed [Plaintiff] who was then [transferred] to [officer] Renwick for arraignment.... [Gulick] ... contacted [APS] and spoke with [Defendant] Andrea Leo[,] who took the case. Judge Owen issued a stay away order of protection against [Plaintiff] protecting [his mother]. [Defendant Maniscaleo,] Director of Administration [at MPRHCC] was advised. Case closed.
(Id. Exs. 3.19, 3.19-1 (Incident Report and Additional Narrative, dated June 10, 2011).) The Complaint also contains, as an attached exhibit, a deposition from Defendant Reyes, taken by Defendant Gulick the day of the incident, which was submitted in support of the Misdemeanor Information filed against Plaintiff and provides Reyes’s account of the incident:
I was walking down the hallway on the 5th floor when I heard yelling, cursingf,] and what sounded like approximately] [three] slaps coming from one of the private residential rooms. I had passed the room so I turned back and was able to look inside the room because the door was wide open. I observed a male subject, [Plaintiff], who I am familiar with from being at the facility every day visiting his mother ... who resides in the room. [Plaintiffs] arm was in the air in a striking position and he then started forcibly pushing [his mother’s] knees and legs while cursing[,] “Fucking diaper!!” [His mother] had no pants on during the physical altercation. I never entered the room and viewed everything •from the hallway. After witnessing [Plaintiffs] actions I walked away and immediately advised [a nursing manager named Wendy] and she then called 911. I am aware of numerous complaints against [Plaintiff] from the nursing staff and he’s also made direct comments to me threatening physical harm to members of his family and staff members.
(Id. Ex. 3.16.1 (Supporting Deposition of Lisa M. Reyes, dated June 10, 2011).)
A September 13, 2011
Plaintiff was arrested again on September 13, 2011. (Id. ¶ 113.) The Complaint does not appear to allege the facts underlying this arrest, however the Court can glean a number of details from exhibits attached to the Complaint. On August 9, 2011, three Defendants employed by MPRHCC — Masterson, Brewster, and Small — gave statements to Defendant So-lan regarding allegations of harassment against Plaintiff. First, Masterson stated that, “[i]n the past week, [her] staff ha[d] been receiving numerous phone calls from [Plaintiff]. [Plaintiff] call[ed] at all hours of the day[,] t[y]ing up [her] staff just to vent his frustrations with [her] and [Brewster] for having him arrested.” (Id. Ex. 4.5 (Masterson Statement, dated Aug. 9, 2011).) She also alleged that these phone calls “serve[d] no legitimate purpose in that all [Plaintiff] wantfed] to do [was] vent.” (Id.) She further alleged that when Plaintiff was “allowed at the facility, he would harass other visitors[,] causing a hazardous environment.” (Id.) Finally, she alleged that Plaintiffs “action[s] ha[d] left [her] and other staff in fear of their safety.” (Id.)
Second, Brewster stated that, “on [June 10, 2010], [she] was one of the nursing staff involved in an incident between [Plaintiff] and his mother.” (Id. Ex. 4.6 (Brewster Statement, dated Aug. 9, 2011).) She acknowledged that, “[s]inee the incident, [she] ha[d] not spoken with [Plaintiff].” (Id.) However, she alleged that “numerous threats were made at [her] when other nursing staff ha[d] spoken with him,” and she further alleged that, “[although the threats were not made directly to [her], [she] still [was] in fear for [her] safety and well[-]being.” (Id.)
Third, Small stated that she had received a call from Plaintiff on August 8, 2011 (the previous day) “while working at [MPRHCC].” (Id. Ex. 4.7 (Small Statement, dated Aug. 9, 2011).) According to Small, Plaintiff “seemed very irate and rambeling [sic]” on the call. (Id.) In this context, he told Small, “T know it was [Brewster] that called 911 the day I was taken into police custody. I have rights to my mother. [Brewster] and [Masterson] will pay the ultimate consequence and I can see it in my mind what I will do to you.’ ” (Id.) Small then “reported the incident to [Maniscalco] ... that day.” (Id.)
Approximately two weeks later, on August 23, Maniscalco provided to Farming-ham a handwritten log of phone calls MPRHCC had received from Plaintiff since July 12, 2011, reflecting that Plaintiff had made 11 such calls. (Id. Ex. 4.3 (note from Maniscalco to Farmingham, dated Aug. 23, 2011).) Maniscalco also gave a statement:
Since July of [2011] I have been receiving numerous phone calls from [Plaintiff]. [Plaintiff] is currently no longer allowed on the property due to an incident that occurred in June at my facility. [Plaintiff] calls me on a daily basis numerous times serving no legitimate purpose other th[a]n to vent his frustration against me banning him from the property. [Plaintiff] not only contacts me via the telephone but [he] has sent numerous fax messages to me which serves no legitimate purpose. [Plaintiff] has been advised by me numerous time[s] to stop all communication, phone and fax, and that all communications should be sent to the facilities attorney or his attorney regarding any matter that he may have. [Plaintiff] has failed to comply with my request and the constant phone calls I [b]elieve is causing annoyance and alarm for my safety. I wish to pursue charges against [Plaintiff].
(Id. Ex. 4.4 (Supporting Deposition of Vincent Maniscalco, dated Aug. 23, 2011).)
On September 13, 2011, Wallkill police arrested Plaintiff and charged him with second-degree aggravated harassment, N.Y. Penal Law § 240.30 (a Class A misdemeanor). (Id. Ex. 4.0 (Arrest Report, dated Sept. 13, 2011).) According to the Arrest Report, Defendant Solan was the arresting officer. (Id.) Ultimately, the charge was later dismissed, for reasons that are not clear based on the Complaint and accompanying exhibits. (See id. Ex. 4.9 (Certificate of Disposition, dated Oct. 18, 2011).)
5. November 10, 2011
The fifth incident discussed in Plaintiff’s Complaint involves a petition for guardianship filed on August 24, 2011, and litigated at a November 10, 2011 Surrogate’s Court hearing. On August 24, 2011, Defendant Sholes & Miller, on behalf of Defendant MPRHCC, filed a petition in Orange County Surrogate’s Court to determine whether Plaintiffs mother should be appointed a legal guardian. (Id. ¶¶ 24, 108.) The petition claimed that Plaintiffs sister, Victoria Chang (“Chang”), sought to become her mother’s legal guardian:
Petitioner is aware that [Plaintiffs mother] had designated her son, [Plaintiff], as her health care proxy. However, due to [Plaintiffs] refusal to take our calls, respond to our letters, and discuss his mother’s care, and due to his assaults on his mother and orders of protection discussed below, we contacted [Plaintiffs mother’s] alternate health care proxy, [Plaintiffs sister] Yolando Co. When our social worker spoke with Ms. Co by telephone on June 30, 2011, Ms. Co advised that she could not make health care decisions for her mother and wanted to be removed as her mother’s alternate health care proxy. Ms. Co requested that all calls and decision making regarding her mother be directed to her sister, Victoria Chang, the eldest daughter of [Plaintiffs mother]. We then spoke with Ms. Chang regarding acting as a surrogate health care proxy pursuant to the Family Health ■ Care Decision Act....
Although [Plaintiff] claims to be his mother’s power of attorney, we have not seen such a document.
Ms. Chang attended an initial care plan meeting at our facility on July 15, 2011. Ms. Chang indicated that she wanted to be in charge of her mother’s health care decision making process, and also wanted her mother to reside in a nursing home closer to her own home, which is located in New Jersey.
(Id. Ex. 18 (apparent excerpt from guardianship petition).) Along with the petition, Sholes & Miller filed a number of supporting documents, including (1) a “Family Health Care Decision Information” form signed by Defendant Green and dated June 29, 2011, noting that Plaintiffs mother had an existing Health Care Proxy, that she did not have a guardian, but that she did have two daughters (Victoria Chang and Eloísa Kern), (see id. Ex. 12); (2) a “Consent by Surrogate to DNR Order” form signed by Plaintiff (as his mother’s surrogate), witnessed by Defendant Green, and dated March 31, 2011, indicating Plaintiffs consent for a physician to issue a do-not-resuscitate order (“DNR”), (see id. Ex. 14); (3) supporting documentation regarding the DNR consent form, (see id. Exs. 15-17); and (4) a New Jersey police report memorializing a domestic dispute in November 2007 involving Plaintiffs mother (as the offender), Chang (as the complainant), and a third-party witness, (see id. Ex. 19).
A judge issued an Order To Show Cause the same day the petition was filed. (See id. Exs. 5.0, 5.0-1 (Order To Show Cause, dated Aug. 24, 2011).) Moreover, at some point, Plaintiffs mother was appointed a temporary guardian from the Orange County Department of Social Services, a “court evaluator,” and an attorney from Mental Hygiene Legal Services, Inc. to represent her in connection with the guardianship petition. (See id. Ex. Index No. 2011-08338 (“Guardianship Order”) (Order & J. Appointing Guardian of the Person and Property, dated Dec. 12, 2011).) A hearing was originally scheduled to take place in October, but it was rescheduled to November 10. (See id. Ex. 13 (Letter from Sarah E. Sholes, Esq., to Plaintiff and others (Oct. 14, 2011).)
At the hearing, Sarah Sholes (“Sholes”), an attorney from Defendant Sholes & Miller, appeared on behalf of petitioner; the court evaluator appeared on behalf of the court; Plaintiffs mother’s attorney appeared on behalf of Plaintiffs mother; and David Medford of the Orange County Attorney’s Office appeared on behalf of the Orange County Department of Social Services. (See id. Ex. 5.1 (“Hr’g Tr.”) (Hr’g Tr., dated Nov. 10, 2011).) In support of the petition, Sholes called a number of witness, including the court evaluator, and Defendants Masterson, Forman, Smalls, Farmingham, and Crain. (See id. (Index page).) Plaintiffs mother’s attorney also called a number of witnesses, including Plaintiffs mother, Chang, and Plaintiff. (See id.) The Court was also presented with a number of exhibits, including the court evaluator’s report, Plaintiffs mother’s medical records, and exhibits from the Wallkill Police Department. (See Guardianship Order 2.)
Plaintiff identifies a number of excerpts from the Hearing Transcript that are relevant to his Complaint. First, the court evaluator (who is not a party to this Action) testified regarding Plaintiffs status as Power of Attorney. After being shown a copy of a document dated November 20, 2007, wherein Plaintiffs mother appears to have granted Plaintiff power of attorney, Sholes asked the court evaluator whether he had seen that document:
A. The first I saw the power of attorney was a few minutes ago in chambers produced by the assistant county attorney.
Q. Does that power of attorney indicate that [Plaintiff] is [his mother’s] power of attorney?
A. Yes. And if I was aware of this, and I had seen a copy of it, I would have requested in my report that the power of attorney be revoked immediately.
Q. And on what basis?
A. Based upon the maltreatment — the alleged maltreatment of [Plaintiff] relating to his mother, clearly identified by the several police reports that are attached to your petition....
(Hr’g Tr. 9.)
Second, Defendant Masterson testified on direct examination regarding Plaintiffs treatment of his mother at MPRHCC:
Q. Are you familiar with [Plaintiff]?
A. I am.
Q. Can you tell us what your experience has been with him in terms of he and his mother since she has been at [MPRHCC]?
A. My experiences have been that he has displayed volatile actions on many occasions towards his mother, towards the staff.
Q. Can you give us some examples?
A. I can give an example as to times that he would start yelling, start cursing.
Q. At staff?
A. At staff, and also yelling about her diapers, things like that.
Q. And what would the comment about the diapers entail?
A. F’g diapers. F’g diapers.
Q. And was [Plaintiff] asked by the staff not to raise his voice and not to curse?
A. Yes. On more than one occasion.
Q. Did he heed any of those requests? A. No.
Q. Now, did there come a time in June of this year when a physical incident occurred between [Plaintiff] and his mother at the facility?
A. Yes.
Q. And how did you come to learn about that?
A. It was brought to my attention by the then assistant director of nursing, and the nursing supervisor that I needed to go to the unit where [Plaintiffs mother] was, that something was going on with her son.
Q. Did you go to the unit?
A. I did.
Q. When you got there, what did you learn?
A. I asked the staff what was the matter and they said there was a report that [Plaintiff] had been cursing at his mother and was seen slapping his mother on the leg.
Q. Were the police called?
A. They were.
Q. Was [Plaintiff] arrested as a result? A. He was.
Q. Now was it your understanding that a protective order was issued by a local judge as a result of that incident?
A. Yes.
Q. And eventually was that protective order revised to permit [Plaintiff] to visit his mother in the company of someone else?
A. Yes.
Q. When [Plaintiffs mother] was admitted to the facility ..., was she on any type of special diet?
A. She was. She had some swallowing difficulties so she was on a special type of diet.
Q. And did there come a time when you learned that [Plaintiff] had brought different food in for her and was feeding her different food?
A. Yes.
Q. And what, if any, medical issues were there with that scenario?
A. There was the risk for aspiration for her because at that time she wasn’t taking a regular texture diet with regular thin liquids.
Q. Did the staff explain the risk of aspiration to [Plaintiff]?
A. Correct. They had before and during the incident.
Q. So is it correct that even after he had been asked not to bring in that food, he continued to do so?
A. Yes.
Q. And was he observed feeding that food that he brought in to his mother?
A. Yes.
Q. Have you noticed any changes in [Plaintiffs mother’s] mood and her demeanor since [Plaintiff] stopped visiting her?
A. I have observed that [Plaintiffs mother] is more open with the nursing staff in that she will speak to them more. She doesn’t just use clipped one word answers. And that she also has gained 11 points since [Plaintiff] stopped visiting her.
Q. And was that weight gain a good thing for her?
A. A very good thing.
(Id. 14-18.) Plaintiffs mother’s attorney then asked Masterson a number of questions on cross-examination:
Q. Miss Masterson, you mentioned that at some point there was a stipulation that [Plaintiff] could visit with [his mother] with supervision?
A. Right.
Q. Is that plan still in effect?
A. No, it is not.
Q. Why was it changed?
A. It was changed because [Plaintiff] was not abiding by the stipulations even. He was being adversarial.
Q. With whom?
A. With the staff. Even with another visitor in the lobby.
Q. Did the nursing home take any legal action to prevent [any] further supervised visits?
A. We had consulted with counsel and also with the police about the order of protection.
Q. And was the order of protection changed or extended at any point?
A. Yes.
Q. And what is his current order of protection, if you know?
A. That he cannot come to the facility.
Q. Is he permitted supervised visits on any level?
A. No.
Q. Outside of the nursing facility?
A. No.
Q. And are you aware of the current expiration date of that order of protection?
A. I believe that I am. I’m not sure if it is correct. I thought it was in December of this year.
(Id. 19-21.)
Third, Forman testified on direct examination regarding her position at MPRHCC, her qualifications, and her presence at the scene of the July 20, 2011 incident:
Q. Miss Forman, where are you currently employed?
A. [MPRHCC],
Q. In what capacity?
A. Director of social services.
Q. Are you a social worker?
A. I am.
Q. Are you licensed in New York State?
A. Not licensed. Master’s in social work.
Q. Okay. Where did you obtain your master’s?
A. Rutgers University.
Q. Did you become aware in June of [2011] of an incident involving [Plaintiff] and his mother?
A. Yes.
Q. How did you learn about that?
A. I was at the facility at the time.... And I was informed the same time Mrs. Masterson was.
Q. Did you go to [Plaintiffs mother’s] room?
A. I did.
Q. Tell us what you observed and heard?
A. When I entered the room, [Plaintiff] was in there with his mother and another nurse’s aide. And when asked to leave, he refused to leave, and he started yelling and screaming.
Q. And can you tell us what types of things he was yelling and screaming?
A. “I’m not going anywhere. I didn’t do anything. What are you talking about? What are you talking about?” And then the police came. They came very quickly.
Q. Was [Plaintiff] arrested?
A. Yes he was.
Q. What was your understanding as to what had happened with him and his mother?
A. Another staff member apparently witnessed [Plaintiff] slapping his mother and yelling at her while in the room with her.
Q. And did you speak to that staff member?
A. No, I didn’t.
(Id. 22, 24-25.)'
Fourth, Smalls testified on direct examination about her prior conversations with Plaintiff:
Q. Now, have you had any conversations with [Plaintiff] over the time his mother has resided at [MPRHCC]?
A. Yes.
Q. Can you tell us about those conversations, what his tone and demeanor was?
A. I remember one time I had to go out on a doctor’s appointment with [Plaintiffs mother]. And he was telling me about his brother who smoked and did a lot of drinking. And he wished that his brother would die. And the brother ended up with lung cancer. And the brother, I guess, wanted to make amends with him, and he refused. He said, I hope you die. And then the brother died.
I have spoken to [Plaintiff] several times on the phone. One time in August. He said he knew that it was Wendy Brewster that called 911 that day he was taken into police custody. And that Wendy and Eileen Masterson would pay the ultimate consequence for keeping him from his mother.
Q. What did you interpret paying the ultimate consequence to mean?
A. It could mean anything. I thought, you know, physical retaliation.
Q. Did you notify Miss Masterson that he made that remark?
A. Yes.
Q. Did [Plaintiff] ever raise his voice to you or within ear s[h]ot of you?
A. Yes.
Q. And can you explain what his tone was when those things happened, what the reason for it was, if any?
A. The day we approached him about him feeding his mother the unsafe diet texture, I believe it was soup with pieces of carrots and celery and rice in it. And she was on a pureed diet at the time. And he says, “Don’t tell me how to feed my mother. I know how to feed my mother. I read about it on the internet how to feed my mother.” And he was very angry.
Q. Were there further examples of him feeding his mother food that was not on her pureed diet?
A. Just that one time that I witnessed.
Q. Did any of your staff ever tell you that there were other incidents where he had been seen trying to feed his mother food that was not on her diet?
A. Yes.
Q. And did you counsel him about that?
A. Yes.
Q. More than once?
A. Yes.
Q. Did there come a time when he told you that he had been up in a tree?
A. Yes.
Q. Can you tell us about that?
A. It was one of the social workers and myself. He was talking about his sister Victoria [Chang] and how he wanted to kill her. And he was sitting up in a tree with a gun. And that God came to him in the tree and said that you do not want to do this. So he climbed down from the tree.
{Id. at 33-35.)
Fifth, Farmingham testified about his interactions with Plaintiff:
Q. Did there ever come a time [on August 20, 2010] when you were called to the Senior Horizons facility in the Town of Wallkill?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Why were you called there?
A. For a check the welfare call. An anonymous caller called to complain about the neighbor in the close proximity of their apartment and continuously hearing slapping noises, and it sounded like somebody moaning in pain.
Q. What did you do after you received that call?
A. I responded to the Senior Horizons complex. Went to the apartment number that was issued to me over the radio in the car. Knocked on the door, and which was answered by [Plaintiff].
Q. Have you ever met [Plaintiff] before that time?
A. I have.
Q. When you first encountered him, did you recognize him?
A. I did.
Q. Once you saw [Plaintiff], what did you do then?
A. I informed him that I received a call about the welfare of his mother. I told him — I informed him that I needed to speak to him. And while standing at the doorway I smelled a very strong odor of something which seemed to be rotting. It was a very foul odor, almost as if.it were more rotting flesh, or something that may have been partially had food, or possibly somebody deceased in the residence.
Q. What did you do after that?
A. He immediately was very hesitant to let me in. And I informed him that I wasn’t going to go anywhere until I was able to speak to his mother. He agreed to let me in. And we walked into the apartment.
Q. Would you describe the apartment? A. Very disheveled. Messy. Unorganized. Very foul odor. Very stale air. As if no windows had been opened for several weeks. It was just a mess. A complete mess.
There was pads that were near the mother’s bed that were covered in urine. There was a towel on the bed that was covered in urine and brown stains, which I would have assumed that would be fecal matter.
Q. Did you find [Plaintiffs] mother in the apartment that day?
A. Yes, I did.
Q. Where was she located?
A. She was in the bedroom when you open the door, the living room. If you’re looking in, the living room is on the left, the bedroom is kind of straight ahead on the right.
Q. When you found her in the apartment, was she laying down on the bed or was she sitting up?
A. She was laying down on the bed with the blankets over her legs.
Q. What happened after you noticed where [Plaintiffs mother] was?
A. I went in to speak with her. She appeared very disheveled. Very kind of out of it. [Plaintiff] began to speak very loudly. Very aggravated and agitated. I told him that I needed to speak to his mother and I asked him to leave the room. He refused. I told him, listen, I need to speak to your mom. She wouldn’t talk to me. She was very — she seemed to be very fearful. And the fact that he was so agitated and screaming seemed to make her very more uneasy of my presence to speak to me.
Q. Did there ever come a time when you called for any assistance?
A. I did. I called for. an ambulance to, at the bare minimum, come and evaluate her. I contacted my sergeant, and I also notified — I got the number for [APS] and I got the calls started to [APS],
Q. While you were at the scene, did any of the people you called arrive at the apartment?
A. They did.... Town of Wallkill Volunteer Ambulance Corps.[ ] arrived and also [APS]. I believe her name is Candace. And she is in the room.
Q. Now once the case worker from [APS] arrived, what happened then?
A. [Plaintiff] already had been taken into custody and brought back to the station by [Kleveno] in a marked patrol unit. When the ambulance arrived, I believe Miss Crain arrived shortly thereafter or right before. She spoke with her. She went to the hospital with her.
When she went into the room and came back out after speaking with her, she had informed me that she had found [Plaintiffs mother’s] leg tied to the bed, which was covered by the blankets.
Q. Did you go back into the room at that point?
A. I did not. The ambulance had put her on the stretcher and so forth. She had, Miss Crain had removed the leg before I had seen it.
Q. What did you do then?
A. I — they were taken — I had another Officer come in with a camera to take pictures of the scene.
Q. Now, sir, I’m gonna ask you to take a look at [certain photographs] for identification purposes....
Q. [What is] picture number 6?
A. It is a picture ... of the plastic bag used to tie [Plaintiffs mother’s] legs. Again of her bed in the apartment.
Q. Picture number 7?
A. Again, another picture of the rope, just a different angle, that was used to tie her legs.
Q.....Do you recognize Exhibit 19A?
A. The paper bag which I placed the rope in for evidence.
Q. How do you know it’s the paper bag that you placed the rope into?
A. Because I filled everything out and I signed it that I was the one that sealed it and placed it on the evidence.
Q. What is Exhibit 19B[?]
A. It is a plastic bag that is spun around to use to tie her legs down.
{Id. at 39^8.)
Finally, Crain testified as to her recollection of the events of August 20, 2010:
Q.... What were the circumstance[s] why you were called into the field [on August 20, 2010]?
A. Officer Far[m]ingham • had made a referral for [Plaintiffs mother], so I went out to the apartment. And when I got there Officer Far[m]ingham was there and the paramedics were there. And [Plaintiffs mother] was there.
Q. And once you got there, what did you find?
A. I found [Plaintiffs mother] in her bedroom lying on the bed. She was in a night gown. And she appeared to have some bruising on her face, on her arms. And the paramedic had pointed out that one of her ankles was very bruised.
So while I was there I decided to move the blanket and that is when I noticed that her other leg was still tied to the bed.
Q. What kind of bed was it?
A. It was a twin bed. I believe it had the hospital bars on the side.
Q. And how was her leg tied?
A. It was with a long, like a plastic bag that appeared to be tied a couple times. And it was wrapped around her ankle and then tied to the hospital bed bar.
Q. Once you noticed that this was on her leg, what did you do?
A. Tried to remove it.
Q. Were you able to remove it?
A. Actually it was tied so tight that the paramedic had to remove it. I tried.
Q. Ma’am, do you recognize [Exhibit] 19B?
A. Yes..... [It is] [t]he rope that bound [Plaintiffs mother’s] leg to the bed.
(Id. at 51-53.) Crain also examined and testified to a number of photographs taken at the hospital on August 20, 2010, purportedly depicting bruises on various parts of Plaintiffs mother’s body. (See id. at 53-56.)
On December 12, 2011, the Surrogate’s Court issued an order finding that Plaintiffs mother was sufficiently “incapacitated” that she would “likely suffer harm because of her functional limitations” and that “the appointment of a Guardian [was] necessary to prevent such harm.” (Guardianship Order 2-3.) Accordingly, the court appointed Chang guardian. (Id. at 3.) The order also decreed that “all health care proxies and power of attorney documents previously executed by [Plaintiffs mother] [were] [t]hereby revoked and vacated and any appointments made thereunder [were] [t]hereby terminated.” (Id. at 7.) And it issued a permanent Order of Protection against Plaintiff, ordering that he “remain at least 500 feet from [his mother] [at] all times” and “refrain from any and all telephone and other contact” with her. (Id. at 7-8; see also Second Am. Compl. Ex. Index No. 2011-008338 (Order of Protection, dated Dec. 12, 2011).) Plaintiffs mother passed away approximately one month later, on January 10, 2012. (Second Am. Compl. ¶ 81.)
B. Procedural History
1. Initial Complaints
Plaintiff filed the instant Action on February 6, 2012. At that time, the Complaint was 12 pages long (not including approximately 56 pages of exhibits); contained allegations involving the August 2010, June 2011, and September 2011 incidents; and named only the Town of Wallkill Police Department and MPRHCC as defendants — although it did include references to, inter alia, Farmingham, Reyes, Tiffany, Yvette, Dawn, Maniscalco, and Gulick. (See Dkt. No. 2.) On March 27, 2012, the Court issued an Order noting that the Complaint contained numerous allegations against Farmingham “throughout the Complaint,” and therefore “direet[ing] [the Clerk of Court] to amend the caption of th[e] action to add [Farmingham] as a defendant.” (Dkt. No. 7 at 3-4.) The Court also directed the Clerk “to substitute as a defendant the Town of Wallkill for the Town of Wallkill Police Department.” (Id. at 4.)
The Court held an initial conference on November 30, 2012, at which Plaintiff and counsel for Wallkill, Farmingham, and MPRHCC appeared. (See Dkt. (minute entry for Nov. 30, 2012).) At that conference, the Court granted Plaintiff leave tp file an amended complaint. (See id.) After successfully seeking numerous extensions of the original January 15, 2013 deadline, Plaintiff ultimately filed his Amended Complaint on May 7, 2013. (See Dkt. No. 23.) The Amended Complaint, now consisting of 34 pages and a number of exhibits, named MPRHCC, Wallkill, and Farmingham as Defendants, but also added a number of new Parties, including Maniscalco, Conklin, Masterson, Small, Brewster, Green, Dawn, Forman, Reyes, Tiffany, Yvette, Hertman, Procak, Kleve-no, Gulick, Solan, Orange County Department of Social Services, Murphy, Crain, Labuda, Lacatena, Mannix, Sholes & Miller, and Sholes. (See id.)
On July 11, 2013, the Court issued, sua sponte, an Order directing Plaintiff to submit a second Amended Complaint. After reminding Plaintiff that, in granting him leave to file his Amended Complaint, the Court “specifically directed [him] to be clearer as to the entities and/or persons he intended] to sue, the actionable conduct those entities or persons allegedly engaged in, and the federal statutory or constitutional basis for his claims,” the Court noted that the Amended Complaint was “extremely difficult to follow,” and that “it [was] in many respects less clear than [the] original Complaint.” (Order (“July 2013 Order”) 1-2 (Dkt. No. 25).) The Court was able to “discern that Plaintiff intends to pursue malicious prosecution, excessive force, failure to intervene, and false imprisonment claims against the law enforcement Defendants,” and it could “construe some of the allegations in the Amended -Complaint to support a claim against the law enforcement Defendants for violating Plaintiffs right to familial association with his mother.” (Id. at 6.) However, the Court noted that “by presenting a great amount of disjointed and nonsequential information to the Court about the various events giving rise to Plaintiffs arrests, Plaintiff ha[d] rendered it impossible to comprehend what actually happened to him.” (Id.) It therefore held that “[Plaintiffs] claims against the law enforcement Defendants ... [did] not satisfy the pleading requirements of Rule 8.” (Id.) It also held that, with regard to. the other Defendants, “Plaintiff [did] not clearly or specifically allege how they were personally involved in any alleged wrongdoing or any basis for their liability under federal law,” and it therefore held that “[t]he balance of the Amended Complaint ... also [did] not satisfy the pleading requirements established by Rule 8.” (Id.)
The Court then granted Plaintiff “one more opportunity to file an Amended Complaint ... in order [to] correct the above deficiencies and to allege clearly and concisely facts to support his claims.” (Id. at 7.) The Court specifically instructed Plaintiff to “provide a short plain statement of the relevant facts, in separate numbered paragraphs in chronological order, supporting each claim against each Defendant.” (Id.) It also instructed Plaintiff to allege, in the Second Amended Complaint, “who violated Plaintiffs federally protected rights; what facts show that his federally protected rights were violated; when such violation(s) occurred; where such violation(s) occurred; and why Plaintiff is entitled to relief.” (Id. at 8.) Finally, the Court instructed Plaintiff to “allege, in separate numbered paragraphs, for each named Defendant, what that Defendant did to be personally involved in the violation of Plaintiffs constitutional rights,” and it warned Plaintiff that “[i]f [he] [did] not comply with this instruction, his pleading may be dismissed as against any Defendant whose personal involvement [could not] be discerned from reading the pleading.” (Id.) It also twice told Plaintiff that “this may be his final opportunity to amend.” (Id. at 7; see also id. at 8 (“[T]he Court may not grant Plaintiff another chance to amend.”).)
2. Second Amended Complaint
Plaintiff ultimately submitted his Second Amended Complaint on September 24, 2013. (See Dkt. No. 32.) On December 18, 2013, the Court issued an Order directing Plaintiff to serve the 36 Defendants named in the Second Amended Complaint, and advising Plaintiff that, “[i]f within 120 days of issuance of [a] summons, Plaintiff ha[d] not made service or requested an extension of time in which to do so, under Rules 4(m) and 41(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the Court may dismiss this action for failure to prosecute.” (See Dkt. No. 36 at 2.) Plaintiff had previously served Defendants MPRHCC, Wallkill, and Farmingham in 2012, when he originally filed his Complaint. (See Dkt. (entry for Apr. 5, 2012, indicating issuance of summons); Dkt. No. 8 (Motion To Dismiss filed by MPRHCC, dated May 2, 2012); Dkt. No. 13 (notice of appearance filed on behalf of Defendants Farmingham and Wallkill, dated June 29, 2012).) Plaintiff therefore filed USM-285 forms for the remaining Defendants, which forms were received on January 13, 2014, resulting in the issuance of summons on February 14, 2014. (See Dkt. (entries for Jan. 13, 2014 and Feb. 14, 2014).)
Most of the unserved Defendants were served at various points from March to June of 2014. However, the Docket reflects that 11 Defendants are currently not represented by counsel, and that at least seven of them have not been served. Of those, it appears that Plaintiff failed to file a USM-285 form for or otherwise serve New York State. Of the remaining five unserved Defendants, Plaintiff has failed to serve two of them (Yvette and Tiffany) because he was not able to provide their full names, and subsequent court-directed efforts by Defendants to identify these individuals were unsuccessful. He has also failed to serve one of them (Guzman), despite providing her full name, because he attempted to serve her at the Wallkill Police Department, but Wallkill has no record of her being an employee there, (see Dkt. No. 66 (unexecuted Process Receipt, filed Mar. 21, 2014)), and Wallkill’s counsel has represented to the' Court, after complying with its order to help Plaintiff serve her, that Guzman “is not, nor has she ever been, a dispatcher for the police department or employed by [Wallkill] in any other capacity,” but was instead “the private individual who had placed a call to the police department concerning the incident referenced in the reports,” (Dkt. No. 99 (Letter from James A. Randazzo, Esq., to Plaintiff, May 28, 2014)). Counsel for Wallkill was, however, able to provide contact information for four of the Wallkill Defendants whom, because they had all left their positions at the Wallkill Police Department, Plaintiff was originally unable to serve. (See id.) Accordingly, on June 26, 2014, summonses were issued as to those four Defendants, whom for some reason Plaintiff had previously not attempted to serve. (See Dkt. (entry for June 26, 2014).) Of those four Defendants, Plaintiff has only yet to serve Belgiovene. (See Dkt. No. 139 (unexecuted Process Receipt, filed Sept. 10, 2012). The final remaining unserved Defendant is Moskowitz, whom Plaintiff apparently did not realize was already a Defendant when, on July 11, 2014, he requested that the Court allow him to add Moskowitz as a Defendant. (See Dkt. No. 117 (Letter from Plaintiff to Court (July 11, 2014)).) The Court notified Plaintiff on July 16 that he “may seek leave to amend his Complaint to include [Moskowitz] as a defendant,” but that he must “includ[e] the specific grounds upon which [Moskowitz] [could] be held liable.” (Id.) But Plaintiff has since not sought such leave and he has not otherwise attempted to effect service on Moskowitz.
Therefore, in light of this discussion, and before turning to Defendants’ Motions, the Court will take this opportunity to address the status of the seven unserved Defendants. With regard to four of those Defendants, Plaintiff has failed to attempt to serve one (New York State) and has failed to request an extension or other relief from the Court for three (Yvette, Tiffany, and Guzman) whom neither Plaintiff nor existing counsel have been able to locate. Accordingly, pursuant to the Court’s December 19, 2013 Order, the Court dismisses the Complaint against those Defendants without prejudice for failure to serve. (See Order (Dkt. No. 36).)
S. Defendants’ Motions
The Court has held two premotion conferences in this case. The first was held on December 17, 2013, at the request of counsel for Defendants Wallkill and Farm-ingham, each of whom was named in the original Complaint. (See Dkt. (minute entry for Dec. 17, 2013).) The Court set a briefing schedule for Wallkill’s and Farm-ingham’s Motion To Dismiss at that conference, (see Dkt. No. 35), pursuant to which those Defendants filed their Motion on January 17, 2014, (see Dkt. Nos. 39-41), and Plaintiff filed his Memorandum of Law in opposition to the Motion on February 26, 2014, (see Dkt. No. 43).
The second premotion conference was held on May 21, 2014, at which counsel for all Defendants appeared. (See Dkt. No. 76 (Order); Dkt. (minute entry for May 21, 2014).) Pursuant to a scheduling order adopted at that conference, the remaining Defendants filed Motions To Dismiss on June 20, 2014, (see Dkt. Nos. 105-07 (Defendant Mannix); Dkt. Nos. 108-11 (Orange County Defendants); Dkt. Nos. 112-14 (Defendant Sholes & Miller); 119— 25 (MPRHCC Defendants), Plaintiff filed his Memorandum of Law in opposition on July 18, 2014, (see Dkt. No. 118), and Defendants filed Reply Memoranda on or before August 8, 2014, (see Dkt. No. 126 (Orange County Defendants); Dkt. No. 128 (Defendant Mannix); Dkt. No. 131 (Defendant Sholes & Miller); Dkt. No. 133 (MPRHCC Defendants)).
II. DISCUSSION
Wallkill Defendants, MPRHCC Defendants, Mannix, and Sholes & Miller move to dismiss Plaintiffs Second Amended Complaint for failure to comply with Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Among those Defendants, only Mannix moves to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint for the additional reason that, substantively, it fails to state a claim. Finally, Orange County Defendants m