Full opinion text
OPINION AND ORDER KENNETH M. KARAS, District Judge: Plaintiff Thomas Logan (“Logan”), proceeding pro se, brings this Action against Defendants Irina Matveevskii (“Mat-veevskii”), Jeff Zuckerman (“Zucker-man”), Mark Kamensky (“Kamensky”), Tuckahoe Housing Authority (“THA”), Adolfo Carrión (“Carrión”), and Mirza Or-riols (“Orriols”). Matveevskii, Zucker-man, Kamensky, and THA (collectively, “the THA Defendants”) move for summary judgment, while Carrión and Morales (collectively, “the HUD Defendants”) move to dismiss the claims asserted against them. For the following reasons, the THA Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment is granted, as is the HUD Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss. I. BACKGROUND A. Factual Background Plaintiff is a resident of 31 Midland Place in Tuckahoe, New York, where he has lived for “[approximately 27 to 30 years.” (Thomas Logan Dep. Tr. 8, Apr. 22, 2013 (“Logan Dep. Tr.”); see also THA Defs.’ Statement of Material Facts Pursuant to Local R. 56.1 (“THA Defs.’ Rule 56.1 Statement”) ¶ 1 (“Plaintiff ... has been a resident of 31 Midland Place ... for approximately twenty-seven to thirty years.”).) Plaintiff lives in a third-floor apartment at 31 Midland Place with his mother, Anne Gunther, and his brother, John Gunther. (THA Defs.’ Rule 56.1 Statement ¶¶ 1-2.) 31 Midland Place is one. of “nine residential buildings containing approximately 149 units” that THA “owns and operates” as “federal subsidized housing for the Tuckahoe community.” (THA Defs.’ Rule 56.1 Statement ¶ 3; see also Logan Dep. Tr. 18 (“Q: And you’re familiar with Tuckahoe Housing Authority? A: Yes. Q: And can you explain what it is? A: It’s a low to middle income housing development, HUD.”).) Mat-veevskii is THA’s Executive Director, which position she assumed on January 1, 2008, while Zuckerman is Chairman of the THA Board of Commissioners. (See THA Defs.’ Rule 56.1 Statement ¶¶4-6.) Ka-mensky is THA’s General Counsel, and Adalgisa Jones (“Jones”), not named as a defendant in this Action, is a THA Office Assistant. (See id. ¶¶ 7-8,10.) Plaintiff claims that he has been diagnosed with multiple disabilities, the first of which relates to a heart condition for which he underwent quadruple’bypass surgery. (Logan Dep. Tr. 17.) At some point, he also “fell down a flight of stairs,” which accident required him to undergo a knee-replacement operation. (Id.) “The combination of [these] two things left [Plaintiff] very disabled.” (Id.) For the purposes of their Motions, Defendants do not dispute that Plaintiff is currently disabled, nor do they dispute that Plaintiff was disabled at all times relevant to the instant Action. In his deposition, Plaintiff stated that at some point, in order to accommodate his disabilities, he “requested] a lower floor apartment” in correspondence with Eric De Esso (“De Esso”), who preceded Mat-veevskii as THA Executive Director. (Id. at 20.) Plaintiff included this correspondence in his Amended Complaint. In a March 27, 1996 letter to Plaintiff, De Esso wrote that, “[i]n review of [Plaintiff’s] file and current family composition, [Plaintiffs] family require[d] a one bedroom apartment unit,” but at the time that the' letter was written, Plaintiffs family “occupied] a two bedroom apartment unit.” (Pl.’s Ex. 7, at 5.) Because “Federal Regulations for Public Housing provide that Family Composition must be commensurate with size of dwelling unit,” De Esso “advised [Plaintiff] that [he] [would] be relocated to the first available one bedroom apartment unit to accommodate [his] family status.” (Id.) Plaintiff appears to have responded on the same day, in a letter in which he referenced the fall that led to his knee injury, and the existence of a civil suit against THA based on that fall. (Id. at 6.) Plaintiff then wrote the following: Under the tenants’ right guide, Landlord are required to provide reasonable accommodation for tenants with a disabilities so they may enjoy equal access to and use of housing accommodations. Under the disability Act of 1987; 24 C.F.R. (Code of Federal Regulations), part 8 relating to public housing authority responsibility to make facilities handicapped accessible. I am putting your office on notices at THA. Last and far from less my senior mother is come to live with me and her name will be add to my lease. If there any problems please feel free to contact me, and then our lawyers can go in front of a federal Judge to discuss the matter at hand. (Id.) In his deposition, Plaintiff characterized this letter as follows: I had sent documentations ... requesting a lower floor apartment with the prior director, Mr. De Esso. He informed me that I needed ... a one-bedroom apartment, and I informed him that just prior to that, I added my mother to the lease, so we kept the two-bedroom, but because of my disability, I asked him, requested for a lower floor apartment. And I was the next person on the list. (Logan Dep. Tr. 20.) The next document in Plaintiff’s submissions that could potentially be construed as a communication between Plaintiff and THA is what appears to be a letter from Plaintiff addressed to Matveevskii and dated August 7, 2008, more than 12 years after Plaintiff’s communication with De Esso: Please be advised that I writing you about my concerns of being a disable tenant with a heart condition and about to have a left knee replacement in this month, which came about from a fall in your hallway somewhere between the late 80’s and the early 90’s and my MOTHER, who is now 83 years old and is using a walker after she had her total knee replacement and we are living on the 3rd floor of 31 Midland Place. Since 1997 in my file you have many letter copies of my SSD and SSI information on my disability and copies of my Coronary Artery bypass grafts. The total my mother knee replacement and mines soon come these stairs will become too much for us ... I should be placed on the first floor apartments. In 31 Midland and 25 Midland, for these two building have the fewest amount of steps of all the Housing building. In view of the facts that whenever an apartment becomes available in one of these building we are never asked if we would like a lower floor apartment. Effective January 26, 1992, Title II of the ADA required PHAs to have a minimum of 5 percent of the total dwelling units, or at least one unit (whichever is greater), must be made accessible for persons with mobility impairments. And I am wondering why THA has not tried to give us Reasonable Accommodations. (Pl.’s Ex. 7, at 22 (alteration in original).) Plaintiff submitted a similar document addressed to Matveevskii dated March 7, 2010: Please be notify that a letter was written back in March 27, 1996 by Mr. De Esso the formal director of THA and my response was that I was putting THA on notices that I would be needing apartment for the disable. Effective 1-26-1992, the federal court has mandated that a minimum of the total dwelling unit at THA. There have been at least 4 first floor apartments between 31 Midland Place and 25 Midland Place. I writing to asked you why has my request for a lower apartment on this side; which has the fewest steps than all other building units in THA. I have submitted Doctor notes that go back to the late 80’s to the present time that should be in my flies, which states my heart condition, to 5 knee operation and finally a total left knee replacement. (PL’s Ex. 8, at 1.) Plaintiff further submitted another such letter, also dated March 7, 2010, but this time addressed to the “THA Broad [sic] of Commissioner,” in which he repeated much of what he wrote in the preceding documents: Please be advised that I writing you and the Broad of Commissioners about my concerns of being a disable tenant with a heart condition and a replace left knee, which came about from a follow in your hallway and my MOTHER, who is now 84 years old and is using a walker living on the 3rd floor of 31 .Midland Place. Since 1997 in my file you have many letter copies of my SSD and SSI information on my disability and Now that my mother has had a total knee replacement like myself these stairs are become too much for us ... If needed Ms. Irina Matveevskii, I will get another note from my Doctor stating that I should be placed on the first floor. Since 31 Midland and 32 Midland are the only two building with the fewest amount of steps ... In view of the facts that whenever an apartment becomes available in one of these buildings we are never asked if we would like a lower floor apartment. So I am now requesting a form hearing to discuss with you and the broad of commissions what seems to be the problem ... Because under the APPLICABILITY: This Notice applies to all public housing programs and activities receiving Federal financial assistance either directly or indirectly from the Office of Public and Indian Housing. Federal financial assistance and programs or activities are both defined very broadly. See 24 C.F.R. § 8.3 for the regulatory definitions. Effective January 26, 1992, Title II of the ADA required, PHAs to conduct a self-evaluation of their current services, policies and practices. See 28 C.F.R. §§ 35.105 and 35.150(d). It is time for another evaluation by FHEO look at THA Policies New Construction [see 2b C.F.R. § 8.22(a) and (b) ]. A minimum of 5 percent of the total dwelling units, or at least one unit (whichever is greater), must be made accessible for persons with mobility impairments. And additional minimum of 2 percent of the units, or at least one unit (whichever is greater) must be made accessible for persons with hearing or vision impairments. In circumstances where greater need is shown, HUD may prescribe higher percentages than those listed above. [See 2b C.F.R. § 8.22(c).] Accessible units must be on an accessible route from site arrival points and connected by an accessible route from site arrival points and connected by an accessible route to public and common use facilities located elsewhere on the site. Also, see visit ability recommendations in Section I. of this Notice. In my case THA has not complied ... And I am wondering why THA has not tried to give us Reasonable Accommodations. (Pl.’s Ex. 7, at 21 (alterations in original).) Plaintiff submitted another similar letter, also dated March 7, 2010 and addressed to the “Broad [sic] of Commissioner (Correction Board)”: Please advised that I writing your and the Board of Commissioner about my concerns of being a disable tenant with a heart condition and replace left knee, which came about form falling you hallway. My MOTHER, who is 84 years old and using a walker needs to be on the first floor and not the 3rd floor of 31 Midland Place. My mother also has had a total knee replacement. Since the late 80’s to the present, your office have letter from Society Security, to letters from doctors and hospital. Ms Matveevskii, since I can’t get your attention, I am requesting a formal hearing with HUD to discuss what seems to be a problem with ADA tenants; in view of the facts that whenever an apartment becomes available in one of these building we are never asked if we would like a lower floor apartment. Effective January 26, 1992, Title II of the ADA required PHAs to have a minimum of 5 percent of the total dwelling units, or at least one unit (whichever is greater), must be made accessible for persons with mobility impairments. And I am wondering why THA has not tried to give us Reasonable Accommodations. (PL’s Ex. 8, at 2.) It appears as though THA’s first response to these communications came on July 15, 2010, in a letter written by Jones: In review of your file and your initial letter submitted to Tuckahoe Housing Authority with reference to your current family composition and medical needs, your family requires a larger apartment. You have been placed in a waiting list to be moved to an apartment that better accommodates the needs of your family and yourself. As soon as something becomes available we will contact you. (PL’s Ex. 7, at 7.) It is unclear which of Plaintiffs letters Jones was characterizing as “initial.” Regardless, less than a month later, on August 5, 2010, Jones wrote Plaintiff again: In response to your request for a lower level apartment, we would like to offer you a two bedroom apartment at the Tuckahoe Housing Authority. The vacant apartment is located in 12 Washington Street. Please inform the THA immediately if you would like to take this apartment. If the apartment is not suitable for your family’s needs, please inform the THA in writing as soon as possible. (THA Defs.’ Ex. D, at 11.) Apparently not having heard from Plaintiff, Jones followed up with another letter approximately two weeks later, on August 20, 2010: On August 5, 2010 you were sent a letter with reference to an available apartment that meets your needs, located in 12 Washington Street. To date you have yet to notify the Tuckahoe Housing Authority if you are interested. If you are interested please inform the THA office. If you are not interested in this apartment, please notify the office in writing as soon as possible. If we do not hear from you within 5 days of receiving this letter, we shall assume you are not interested in this apartment. (Id. at 13.) Six days later, Jones wrote a letter to Matveevskii, explaining the status of the offer that she made to Plaintiff: Mr. Logan called the office on August 26, 2010 at 2:30 PM, to notify THA that he is not interested in the available apartment on 12WS due to it not being located on 25 Midland Place or 31 Midland Place. I asked him to write a letter stating so, and he cordially agreed to do so. He stated that he prefers an apartment in either of those buildings (25Md or 31Md) because they have shorter steps for his elderly mother to use. (Id. at 15.) As promised, following his telephone call, Plaintiff submitted a letter to THA regarding the apartment at 12 Washington Street on August 27, 2010: As per our conversation 8-26-2010 with you in reference to the available apartment on 12 Washington Street in Tucka-hoe Housing, because of the step factor and my mother age and condition the only location suitable would be in the area of 31 Midland Place or 25 Midland Place. For this location have the fewest amount of steps for us to go down. So when the next available apartment becomes we would like first consideration on a 2 bedroom apartment in this location ... (Id. at 16.) In his deposition, Plaintiff explained his reasons for rejecting the apartment at 12 Washington Street in greater detail: I told her it was—because of the step arrangement in the building, at the bottom of the steps my mother had to still come down with the walker, it was not accessible, It was not good. She had to walk down two steps, come out the building, walk down three steps. You have a level courtyard where there’s benches and things, and then you got to walk down four more steps to get to the street. And at 12 Washington Street, that particular dead end, it’s called a dead end, it’s flooded. The flood goes as high as—over the embankment and into the hallways when it heavy rains and what have you. There’s a drainage problem in that facility. And you can go to the village and look up the records of how many times the fire department had to come down there to help people out of there that was disabled, because of the height of the water. The water was up to three or four feet high. And I was not placing my mother in that type of danger. (Logan Dep. Tr. 42.) In his Amended Complaint, Plaintiff also included a letter from Dr. Robert Roz-bruch, addressed to Matveevskii and dated October 25, 2010, in which Dr. Rozbruch wrote that Plaintiff was “under [his] medical and surgical care”; that Plaintiff “had total knee replacement on August 13, 2007”; that Plaintiff “live[d] with his mother who is 84 years old and also had total knee replacement,” and “use[d] a walker to help her walk”; and that “[i]t would be most helpful if [Matveevskii] could move [Plaintiff and his mother] from the 3rd floor apartment which they live[d] in ... to a ground floor apartment.” (Pl.’s Ex. 3, at 9.) Jones responded to Plaintiffs August 27, 2010 letter on November 8, 2010, confirming his rejection of the apartment at 12 Washington Street: On August 5, 2010, the Tuckahoe Housing Authority offered you a two bedroom apartment on the first floor, located in 12 Washington Street. However you refused this apartment on August 27, 2010 because it was not located in 31 Midland Place nor 25 Midland Place. Unfortunately, we currently do not have any vacant apartments located in either of those buildings. As soon as an apartment becomes available we will offer you the apartment as you are first in our transfer list. (THA Deft.’ Ex. D, at 17.) On November 10, 2010, Plaintiff responded to Jones’ latest letter: As per your letter written on 11-8-10 ... AND IN RESPONSE TO YOUR STATEMENT ABOUT WHAT YOU OFFERED BACK IN 8-27-10 ... In all of the building units in THA complex there are only two building that have only two steps to come in and two go out the building and these are 31 and 25 Midland Place ... Again I will state this for your ATTENTION ... My Mother is 84 and is using a walker after having a total knee replacement. Not to forget my knee replacement that was cause by this building and my heart condition ... (Pl.’s Ex. 7, at 9 (alterations in original).) The Parties’ submissions do not contain any further communications between THA and Plaintiff until June 22, 2011, although the letter that Matveevskii wrote to Plaintiff on that date references earlier correspondence: Yesterday I received a letter from Dr. Warshafsky in which he wrote that "... it would be most helpful if he (i.e., you) could be moved to a ground floor apartment. ” As a response I must say that we have endeavored, to the best of our ability, to accommodate your needs and provide you with a two-bedroom ground floor apartment. And we have done this since the very first letter from Dr. War-shafsky was delivered to the THA on July 11, 2010. Four days later, on July 15, 2010, we wrote to you that we were placing you on a waiting list for an apartment on a ground floor. On August 5, 2010, we wrote to you offering you a two-bedroom apartment on the ground floor of one of our THA buildings. On August 20, 2010, not having heard from you, we wrote to you again offering you the same apartment and sought to find out if you were, in fact, interested in moving. On August 26, 2011, you called the THA office and informed us that you were not interested in the apartment and would only accept a ground floor apartment in either 25 or 31 Midland Place. You were asked to tell us this in writing. On August 27, 2011, you did, in fact, deliver to our office a note reiterating what you spoke about on the phone the day before. On November 5, 2010, you presented us with a letter from a Dr. Rozbruch in which he also said it was desirable for you to be moved to a ground-floor apartment. On November 8, 2010, we wrote to you informing you that we did not, as yet, have any two-bedroom ground floor apartments available in either 25 or 31 Midland Place, but that you were first on our 'waiting list for said apartment. Some time after this, despite our carefully documented and well-meaning efforts to secure an apartment for you of your choice, you chose to make some of the most unfortunate statements to the Westchester County Human Rights Commission, and actually accused us of discriminatory conduct or practices. Continuing to have no ground floor two-bedroom apartments available in either 25 or 31 Midland Place we offered, in March of 2011, to move a family out of a two-bedroom, handicapped accessible unit in 4 Union Place in order to accommodate your needs. Access to that apartment doesn’t require even a single step, which makes it easier for you and your mother than any building in Sanford Gardens. This offer was communicated to you as well as to Joshua Levin, the Director of Fair Housing in White Plains, by our attorney’s letter to Mr. Levin on March 29, 2011. We were once again informed that you did not want the apartment we were offering; this time the one at 4 Union Place. In conclusion, please know that there is absolutely no need to keep sending us statements from doctors regarding your health or your needs. It is now just about one year since we placed you on a waiting list for a two-bedroom ground floor apartment. The apartment we found in just 20 days you declined to accept. Since that time we have made a commitment to place you in the very first two-bedroom ground floor apartment available in either of the two buildings you insist on residing in. Nothing has changed in our commitment to do this. We were even prepared to ask a family to vacate their apartment in 4 Union so that you could move in to what appeared to be a perfect solution to the situation. You should know that that offer still stands to this day, and as soon as we hear from you we will have that same family move out so you can take over the ground floor handicapped accessible apartment at 4 Union Place. If not, then per your instructions to us, we will simply have to continue to wait for the next available ground floor two-bedroom apartment in either 25 or 31 Midland Place. (PL’s Ex. 9, at 2-3; see also THA Defs.’ Ex. F, at 3-4.) Matveevskii wrote Plaintiff another letter less than a month later, on July 14, 2011, in which she repeated much of what she wrote in her June 22, 2011 letter, adding the following: On June 22, 2011, after receiving yet another doctor’s letter regarding your need of a ground floor apartment, we offered you the same apartment on a ground floor at 4 Union Place. You were advised to contact the office and inform us if you were interesting in taking said apartment. You did not contact the office to this date. On July 11, 2011, another doctor’ [s] letter was delivered to the THA with the same request of a ground floor apartment. THA is hereby offering you for the fourth time a ground floor apartment at 4 Union Place that is handicapped accessible and requires NO steps of any kind to access. Please advise the office immediately when you are planning to move. (THA Defs.’ Ex. F, at 1-2.) The next correspondence between the Parties that appears in their submissions is a December 8, 2011 letter from Mat-veevskii to Plaintiff: In response to your letter dated November 6, 2011, please be advised that: 1. The THA is acknowledging that you are still interested in taking an apartment on a first floor 2. Your statement that you have been waiting for a first floor apartment for over 16 years is unjustified and simply untrue. There are no records of your requesting an apartment prior to 2010 when an apartment was offered to you less than a month after you placed your original request. 3. At this time we are offering you two apartments on a first floor: one apartment is fully ADA accessible and has no steps of any kind. It is located at 4 Union Place. The second apartment is located at 31 Midland Place and is NOT ADA accessible. The THA does not intend to make it accessible since the structure of the building and the year the building was built renders it unfeasible, thus qualifying the building for an exemption. 4. Should you choose to take the apartment that is not handicap accessible, you will agree in writing to accept it AS IS and will not be requesting any modifications to the apartment in the future. You will also agree that should you require an accessible apartment in the future, you will be willing to move to 4 Union Place when a handicapped accessible apartment becomes available, or to another ADA accessible unit that may be available at that time 5. You will be responsible to pay for your move 6. This is ... the sixth time you have been offered an apartment on a first floor in the past two years. (THA Defs.’ Ex. H, at 1.) The following month, on January 18, 2012, Matveevskii wrote to Plaintiff again, apparently prompted by a letter that THA received from one of Plaintiffs doctors “regarding [his] need for a walk-in shower”: Please be advised that the [THA] repeatedly offered you an apartment located at 4 Union Place on a first floor. Said apartment is fully ADA-compliant and handicapped-accessible. At this time we are offering it to you again. The apartment at 4 Union Place is designed to accommodate elderly and disabled residents of the THA who are in need of an accessible unit. Your current apartment at 31 Midland Place and the one we also offered you in the same building on a first floor are NOT ADA accessible; the THA does not intend to make them accessible since the structure of the building and the year the building was built renders it unfeasible, thus qualifying the building for an exemption. Should you decide to forego this opportunity again and stay at 31 Midland Place, whether in your current unit or the unit 1A on the first floor of the same building, you will agree in writing that the THA has fulfilled its obligation for reasonable accommodation and offered you an accessible unit that you chose to decline. (THA Defs.’ Ex. I, at 1.) At the bottom of Matveevskii’s letter, she provided. Plaintiff with two numbered options from which to choose. The first read, “I, Thomas Logan, have chosen to stay at 31 Midland Place and decline the offer of a handicap accessible unit.” (Id.) The second read, “I, Thomas Logan, have chosen to accept the offer of a handicap accessible unit located at 4 Union Place.” (Id.) Matveevskii sent Plaintiff another letter, also on January 18, 2012, which contained much of the sanie information as did her December 8, 2011 letter, apparently because Plaintiff had sent her a letter stating that he had not heard from her since November 2011. (See THA Defs.’ Ex. J, at 1, ¶ 2 (“Contrary to your statement that you have not had any further notice from me since -November 2011, attached find a copy of the letter mailed to you on December 8, 2011.”).) Approximately two-and-a-half months later, on April 3, 2012, THA’s counsel, Nicholas Leo (“Leo”), wrote to Plaintiff that he had “received [Plaintiffs] notice that [Plaintiff] [was] accepting the [THA’s] offer to move [Plaintiff] to an apartment that is more acceptable, i.e. lacks steps,” but that while the apartment that Plaintiff had chosen, “1A in building 31, lacks steps, it is not handicap acceptable, ADA compliant and will not be converted to same,” so “[i]f [Plaintiff] [was] seeking a handicap accessible/ADA Compliant apartment,” then the apartment that Plaintiff had selected was “not the apartment for [him].” (THA Def.’s Ex. L, at 1.) Leo continued by noting that, “[a]s previously advised, [THA] [did] have a handicap accessible/ADA Compliant apartment available but [Plaintiff] [was] rejecting same.” (Id.) Leo then wrote that “[w]hen [Plaintiff] acknowledge^] the aforementioned by signing” the bottom of the letter, THA would “advise [Plaintiff] when [Plaintiff] [could] move at [his] expense.” (Id.) The portion of the letter that Leo requested that Plaintiff sign read, “The undersigned acknowledge and expressly agree that they are waiving any request for a handicap access/ADA Complaint apartment and request apartment 1A, in Building 31.” (Id.) The letter continued, “Parties further acknowledge and agree that apartment 1A, in Building 31 is not and will never be made handicap access/ADA Compliant.” (Id.) The letter provided signature lines for Plaintiff, Plaintiffs mother, and Plaintiffs brother. (Id.) Plaintiff returned Leo’s letter back to him on April 18, 2012, with the line beginning, “The undersigned acknowledge,” crossed out in pen, and with handwritten margin notes that read, inter alia, “I do not waive my rights to a handicap access/ADA compliant apartment.” (THA Defs.’ Ex. M, at 1.) Leo responded on April 30, 2012, writing that he was in receipt of Plaintiffs “authorization to move to apartment 1A,” but that “[u]nfortunately, as [Plaintiff] [did] not waive [his] right to a handicap apartment,” and had “rejected the [THA’s] offer to move [Plaintiff] to an ADA compliant apartment, the [THA] [could not] move [Plaintiff] to apartment 1A.” (THA Defs.’ Ex. N, at 1.) Leo asked, “What happens if the [THA] moves you and then you decide you want an ADA apartment, do we move you again?” (Id.) He also stated that THA could “no longer hold apartments for [Plaintiff]; unless [Plaintiff] [were to] sign an unequivocal waiver or select the ADA apartment by Friday, May 4, 2012, the [THA] [would] withdraw its offer to allow [Plaintiff] to move to any apartment.” (Id.) It appears as though Plaintiff never accepted THA’s offer of the first-floor apartment at 31 Midland Place, just as he never accepted THA’s offer of the first-floor apartments at 4 Union Place and 12 Washington Street. In his deposition, Plaintiff explained why he rejected the apartment at 4 Union Place, in which a number of senior citizens were apparently housed: I feel that I wasn’t asking for them to lasso the moon and bring it down in front of me. All I asked them to do was to be in compliance with federal law. So if I’m a bad guy for asking for my rights—me, I can’t be around seniors on a constant basis. I can go and visit them and what have you, but I get claustrophobic. I get very antsy about that. And my Dr. Warshafsky wrote in his letter to them explaining that to them. As part of my rehab thing and what you have at the second phase of it, for the last ten days they put me in the senior citizen—I got very depressed, very, very depressed, to the point that it was affecting my rehab. So I had to sign myself out and come home. And then my doctor signed me into [a rehabilitation facility] immediately to continue my rehab and what you have, because it was deteriorating me. I was losing weight, couldn’t eat. I would go to bed one day, and the person next to me, I say good night to him, I’m waking up and they’re taking a body bag and they’re bringing him out of the room. That happened to me three times while I was in the nursing home.... It begins to work on your mind. Psychologically, it begins to work on your mind and what you have. And if you want to go and check those records and see if you want to see about that, the psychiatrist-said I was very depressed. (Logan Dep. Tr. 69-71.) In response to questioning from counsel, Plaintiff also stated the following: [Matveevskii] can do what she wants to do. She has made no attempts to try to accommodate me on my simple request. All I asked to do is to stay in the building that I’ve been in for close to 30 years and—because that’s the comfort level, for A. B, it has the fewest amount of steps that I have to deal with and what have you. And none of that has been addressed, as far as I’m concerned. (Id. at 57.) Plaintiff also described several first-floor apartments that he claims Matveevskii converted from two-bedroom to three-bedroom residences: I don’t understand. And, again, I was on the waiting list, disabled, and it wasn’t being offered to—being offered, understand what I’m saying. I mean maybe it’s absence of malice. I don’t know. I can’t justify what goes on in her head. I just know that she shows hostility. (Id. at 119.) During his deposition, counsel asked Plaintiff, “And you’re looking for a three-bedroom apartment on the first floor; is that correct?” (Id. at 117.) Plaintiff replied that he was. (Id.) Counsel then asked, “Do you have any requirement that the unit for your family be handicapped-accessible?” (Id.) Plaintiff explained that, as of April 22, 2013, the date on which the deposition took place, he, his mother, and his brother would all be willing to waive that requirement, and that they would also be willing to waive “ADA compliance”: [I]f my mother needs a rail, then I’ll put a railing up for my mother. It’s no biggy wiggy to go and get railing and attach it to the hallway so she can hang onto it if she feels faint and what have you. I told Leo ... that I would do that anyhow. But since nobody wanted to explain nothing to me, you understand what I’m saying, I got my hind legs up and became a little stubborn about the situation, and I fall back on what it is, that I ask questions, you know. (Id. at 119-120.) B. Procedural Background Plaintiff filed a Complaint on December 2, 2010, in which he named Matveevskii and THA as Defendants. (See Dkt. No. 1.) On April 7, 2011, Plaintiff voluntarily dismissed the causes of action that he had asserted against Matveevskii without prejudice, leaving only the causes of action that he had asserted against THA. (See Dkt. No. 9.) Plaintiff then voluntarily dismissed the causes of action that he had asserted against THA as well, again without prejudice, on May 18, 2011. (See Dkt. No. 11.) Approximately two months later, on July 11, 2011, Plaintiff moved to reopen the case and file an Amended Complaint. (See Dkt. No. 12.) On December 14, 2011, Plaintiffs case was reassigned to this Court. (See Dkt. No. 17.) The Court granted Plaintiffs request to reopen the case and file an Amended Complaint on January 12, 2012. (See Dkt. No. 19.) On January 31, 2012, Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint, asserting causes of action against all of the named Defendants. (See Dkt. No. 21.) The THA Defendants filed an Answer in response to Plaintiffs Amended Complaint on June 6, 2012. (See Dkt. No. 32.) On March 7, 2013, Plaintiff submitted an application for pro bono, counsel, which request the Court denied. (See Dkt. Nos. 48, 49.) On August 9, 2013, the THA Defendants filed their Motion for Summary Judgment, (see Dkt. Nos. 61-69), and the HUD Defendants filed their Motion to Dismiss, (see Dkt. Nos. 56-58). On September 25, 2013, Plaintiff requested an extension of time to respond to Defendants’ Motions, which request the Court granted. (See Dkt. No. 72.) On October 28, 2013, Plaintiff submitted his Opposition to Defendants’ Motions. (See Dkt. No. 89.) The THA Defendants then submitted their Reply Memorandum on November 14, 2013, (see Dkt. No. 73), and the HUD Defendants submitted their Reply Memorandum the next day, (see Dkt. No. 75). On May 14, 2014, in an attempt to clarify certain aspects of Plaintiffs allegations, the Court directed Plaintiff and the THA Defendants to submit Supplemental Memoranda of Law. (See Dkt. No. 86.) The THA Defendants thereafter submitted their Supplemental Reply Memorandum of Law on May 28, 2014. (See Dkt. No. 87.) On May 21, June 2, June 8, June 13, and June 25, 2014, Plaintiff submitted various documents and photographs to the Court, none of which were responsive to the Court’s May 14 Order. (Sée Dkt. Nos. 90-92.) II. DISCUSSION A. The THA Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment 1. Construing Plaintiffs Claims Before the Court can describe the legal framework applicable to Defendants’ Motions, it must first determine which federal causes of action Plaintiff is attempting to assert. Given that Plaintiffs Amended Complaint is a 330-page compilation of allegations, sections of various federal and state statutes, medical records, filings in related lawsuits, and other documents of questionable relevance, and that Plaintiffs’ Opposition to Defendants’ Motions is just as complicated, the task of interpreting Plaintiffs submissions is a difficult one. Toward the beginning of Plaintiffs Amended Complaint, he generally references “Discrimination of a Disability person.” (Am. Compl. 5.) In the Southern District of New York pro se complaint form that Plaintiff included in his Amended Complaint, Plaintiff wrote that the basis for this Court’s jurisdiction over his case is the “Civil Rights Act of 1973, That deals with discrimination.” (Am. Compl. 11.) At various points throughout his Amended Complaint, Plaintiff also makes reference to, inter alia, “Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973” and “Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.” (See, e.g., Am. Compl. 5-7.) After describing complaints that other people have allegedly filed against THA, Plaintiff also writes the following: My question to you’re honor is where that list that should have my name on it. Because, on 7-15-2010 some 14 years later Ms. Irene Matveevskii, and Tucka-hoe Housing Authority are talking about putting me on a waiting list for the handicap. Well if this is not discrimination, it sure smells like a form’ of discrimination. My question; is why did it take THA until 7-15-2010, before I was being place on a disability list. It took THA II years for Mr. Jeff Zuckerman, board of commissioner chair and Ms. Mat-veevskii, to recognize me as a human being with handicap needs. (Am. Compl. 4.) In a section of his Amended Complaint discussing “[t]he Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA),” Plaintiff makes reference to “Reasonable Accommodations,” writing that “[i]t is unlawful to refuse to make such reasonable changes in rules, policies, practices, and services which may be necessary to afford a person with a disability an equal opportunity to enjoy and use a dwelling.” (Id. at 7.) Later in his Amended Complaint, Plaintiff writes, “If there was an emergency due to a fire or any other" reason, Mr. Logan would not be physically capable of handling himself or his mother in departing from the 3rd floor walk up building. SAFETY!!” (Id. at 20.) Plaintiff also submitted a March 17, 2011 complaint that he filed against THA and Matveevskii with the Westchester County Human Rights Commission, which reads in relevant part as follows: 4. I have a physical disability. 5. I live with my elderly and physically disabled mother, who requires the use of a walker. 6. As a result of our disabilities, we require an apartment located on the ground floor. 7. Beginning on or about August 7, 2008, I submitted a written request to Matveevskii, seeking a move from our third floor apartment to a ground floor unit, in order to accommodate our physical disabilities. 8. Respondents did not respond to our request. 9. I continued to make requests to the Respondents for the same reasonable accommodation, but my requests were ignored. 10. On or about March 7, 2010, I sent another letter to Respondent THA, regarding our need to be relocated to a first floor apartment because of our disabilities. 11. On or about July 12, 2010, I submitted a medical letter to the Respondents regarding my physical disability and the need for a ground floor unit. 12. The Respondents sent me a letter stating “in reference to your current medical needs, we have taken into consideration that you need an apartment in a lower level. You have been placed on a waiting list ...” 13. To date, my request has not been granted. 14. As a result of the Respondents’ actions, my mother and I continue to reside on the third floor, while an available first floor unit in the THA was given to another family. 15. Respondents have continuously delayed granting my request for a reasonable accommodation. 16. Such failure to provide a reasonable accommodation is an unlawful discriminatory real estate practice under Westchester County Fair Housing Law, Sec. 700.21(A)(9)(c)(ii). (Pl.’s Ex. 2, at 8.) Additionally, Plaintiff writes in his Amended Complaint, “The question of why her Ms. Adalgisa Jones finally look in my flies 14 years later before discover it in should had been put on a disable list for the handicap; even do [sic] for the pass 31 I been showing THA my SSD earning?” (PL’s Ex. 3, at 20.) Plaintiff later alleges, “As for me at this time, I included to your office my corresponding documents asking for a handicap apartment, I was told that I needed doctor letters which, were supplied to THA Office. After receiving all need documents it THA 14 years before I was put on a handicap list for an apartment. My mother and I live on a third floor apartment.” (PL’s Ex. 9, at 14.) In his Opposition to Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment and Motion To Dismiss, which Opposition is almost as lengthy as his Amended Complaint, Plaintiff describes his “First Claim for Relief’— the only claim for relief so described—as “Violation of the ADA.” (PL’s Opp. to Defs.’ Mot. for Summ. J. and Mot. to Dismiss (“PL’s Opp.”) Ex. E.) Plaintiff also writes in his Opposition that “Defendant Thomas Logan has been and continues to be denied equal and meaningful access to his apartment by reason of his disability”; “The THA failure to comply with federal disability and housing law to meet the defendant needs violates 29 U.S.A [sic] 794 of the Rehabilitation Act. And its implements regulations”; ‘Violation of the fair housing act”; “Accommodation of the Defendant Thomas Logan handicap is necessary to afford Defendant the opportunity to use and enjoy their dwelling”; “The Plaintiffs refuse to make such accommodation. Defendant Thomas Logan thus denied equal and meaningful access to his apartment with other family member who are also disable”; and “THA Failure to comply with federal disability and housing law to meet the needs of the Defendant Thomas Logan violates 42 U.S.A 3604, the Fair Housing Act, and its implementing regulations.” (Id.) Taking all of the foregoing into consideration, liberally construing Plaintiffs submissions, and interpreting those submissions to raise the strongest arguments that they suggest, the Court finds that Plaintiff is most likely attempting to assert a reasonable accommodation claim under Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, also known as the Fair Housing Act, as amended by the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988, 42 U.S.C. § 8601 et seq. (“the FHA”); Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 12131 et seq. (“the ADA”); and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, 29 U.S.C. § 794 (“the Rehabilitation Act”). To the extent that Plaintiff is attempting to assert claims under other federal statutes and regulations, the Court will address the sufficiency of Plaintiffs pleadings in regard to those claims after analyzing Plaintiffs FHA, ADA, and Rehabilitation Act claims. 2. Standard of Review a. Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure The THA Defendants move for summary judgment. Summary judgment shall be granted where the movant shows that there is “no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a); see also Psihoyos v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 748 F.3d 120, 123-24 (2d Cir.2014) (same). “On a motion for summary judgment, a fact is material if it might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.” Royal Crown Day Care LLC v. Dep’t of Health & Mental Hygiene of City of N.Y., 746 F.3d 538, 544 (2d Cir.2014) (internal quotation marks omitted). At summary judgment, “[t]he role of the court is not to resolve disputed issues of fact but to assess whether there are any factual issues to be tried.” Brod v. Omya, Inc., 653 F.3d 156, 164 (2d Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also In re Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (“MTBE”) Prods. Liab. Litig., MDL No. 1358, No. M21-88, 2014 WL 840955, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 3, 2014) (same). Thus, a court’s goal should be “to isolate and dispose of factually unsupported claims.” Geneva Pharm. Tech. Corp. v. Barr Labs. Inc., 386 F.3d 485, 495 (2d Cir.2004) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323-24, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986)); see also Schatzki v. Weiser Capital Mgmt., LLC, No. 10-CV-4685, 2013 WL 6189465, at *14 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 26, 2013) (same). “In determining whether summary judgment is appropriate,” a court must “construe the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and ... resolve all ambiguities and draw all reasonable inferences against the movant.” Brod, 653 F.3d at 164 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Borough of Upper Saddle River, N.J. v. Rockland Cnty. Sewer Dist. No. 1, 16 F.Supp.3d 294, 313-14, 2014 WL 1621292, at *12 (S.D.N.Y.2014) (same). Additionally, “[i]t is the movant’s burden to show that no genuine factual dispute exists.” Vt. Teddy Bear Co. v. 1-800 Beargram Co., 373 F.3d 241, 244 (2d Cir.2004); see also Aurora Commercial Corp. v. Approved Funding Corp., No. 13-CV-230, 2014 WL 1386633, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 9, 2014) (same). “However, when the burden of proof at trial would fall on the nonmoving party, it ordinarily is sufficient for the movant to point to a lack of evidence to go to the trier of fact on an essential element of the nonmovant’s claim,” in which case “the nonmoving party must come forward with admissible evidence sufficient to raise a genuine issue of fact for trial in order to avoid summary judgment.” CILP Assocs., L.P. v. PriceWaterhouse Coopers LLP, 735 F.3d 114, 123 (2d Cir.2013) (alterations and internal quotation marks omitted). Further, “[t]o survive a [summary judgment] motion ..., [a non-movant] need[s] to create more than a metaphysical possibility that his allegations were correct; he need[s] to come forward with specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial,” Wrobel v. Cnty. of Erie, 692 F.3d 22, 30 (2d Cir.2012) (internal quotation marks and emphasis omitted) (quoting Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586-87, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986)), and “cannot rely on the mere allegations or denials contained in the pleadings,” Walker v. City of New York, No. 11-CV-2941, 2014 WL 1244778, at *5 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 26, 2014) (internal quotation marks omitted) (citing, inter alia, Wright v. Goord, 554 F.3d 255, 266 (2d Cir.2009) (‘When a motion for summary judgment is properly supported by documents or other evidentiary materials, the party opposing summary judgment may not merely rest on the allegations or denials of his pleading....”)). Because Plaintiff proceeds pro se, the Court must “construe[ ] [his] [complaint] liberally and interpret! ] [it] to raise the strongest arguments that [it] suggest[s].” Sykes v. Bank of Am., 723 F.3d 399, 403 (2d Cir.2013) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Farzan v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., No. 12-CV-1217, 2013 WL 6231615, at *12 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 2, 2013) (same). However, “the liberal treatment afforded to pro se litigants does not exempt a pro se party from compliance with relevant rules of procedural and substantive law.” Bell v. Jendell, 980 F.Supp.2d 555, 559 (S.D.N.Y.2013) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Caidor v. Onondaga Cnty., 517 F.3d 601, 605 (2d Cir.2008) (“[P]ro se litigants generally are required to inform themselves regarding procedural rules and to comply with them.” (emphasis and internal quotation marks removed)). b. Reasonable Accommodation Under the FHA, the ADA, and the Rehabilitation Act The FHA states that “[i]t is the policy of the United States to provide, within constitutional limitations, for fair housing throughout the United States.” 42 U.S.C. § 3601. “The FHA originally prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin,” but “[t]he Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 extended the Fair Housing Act’s principle of equal opportunity in housing to individuals with handicaps,” by “making it unlawful to ‘discriminate against any person in the terms, conditions, or privileges of sale or rental of a dwelling, or in the provision of services o[r] facilities in connection with such dwelling, because of a handicap of that person.’ ” Bentley v. Peace & Quiet Realty 2 LLC, 367 F.Supp.2d 341, 344 (E.D.N.Y.2005) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f)(2)(A)); see also City of Edmonds v. Oxford House, Inc., 514 U.S. 725, 728 n. 1, 115 S.Ct. 1776, 131 L.Ed.2d 801 (1995) (“The FHA, as originally enacted in 1968, prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin.... In 1988, Congress extended coverage to persons with handicaps.... ”). “Among the discriminatory practices prohibited by the FHAA is ‘a refusal to make reasonable accommodations in rules, policies, practices or services, when such accommodations may be necessary to afford [the handicapped individual] an equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling.’ ” Bentley, 367 F.Supp.2d at 344 (alteration in original) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f)(3)(B)); see also Oxford House, 514 U.S. at 729, 115 S.Ct. 1776 (“Discrimination covered by the FHA includes ‘a refusal to make reasonable accommodations in rules, policies, practices, or services, when such accommodations may be necessary to afford [handicapped] person[s] equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling.’ ” (alteration in original) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f)(3)(B))); Dinapoli v. DPA Wallace Ave II, LLC, No. 07-CV-1409, 2009 WL 755354, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 23, 2009) (same). Similarly, “[t]he ADA and the Rehabilitation Act also prohibit all discrimination based on disability by public entities,” and both statutes “require[] that covered entities make reasonable accommodations in order to provide qualified individuals with an equal opportunity to receive benefits from or to participate in programs run by such entities.” Reg’l Econ. Cmty. Action Program, Inc. v. City of Middletown, 294 F.3d 35, 45 (2d Cir. 2002), superseded by statute on other grounds, ADA Amendments Act of 2008, Pub.L. No. 110-325, 122 Stat. 3553, as recognized in McCulloch v. Town of Milan, 559 Fed.Appx. 96, 98 (2d Cir.2014). Specifically, “[t]he ADA provides that ‘no qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of such disability, be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or activities of a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity.’ ” AyyadRamallo v. Marine Terrace Assocs., LLC, No. 13-CV-7038, 2014 WL 2993448, at *5 n. 9 (E.D.N.Y. July 2, 2014) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 12132). For its part, “the Rehabilitation Act states that ‘[n]o otherwise qualified individual with a disability ... shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.’ ” City of Middletown, 294 F.3d at 45 (alterations in original) (quoting 29 U.S.C. § 794(a)). Because “[t]he relevant portions of the FHA, ADA, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act offer the same guarantee that a covered entity, such as a public housing authority, must provide reasonable accommodations in order to make the entity’s benefits and programs accessible to people with disabilities,” “analysis of a reasonable accommodation claim under the three statutes is treated the same.” Sinisgallo v. Town of Islip Hous. Auth., 865 F.Supp.2d 307, 337 (E.D.N.Y.2012) (alterations, citations, and internal quotation marks omitted); see also Tsombanidis v. W. Haven Fire Dep’t, 352 F.3d 565, 573 n. 4 (2d Cir.2003) (noting that, “[d]ue to the similarities between” the ADA and the FHA, the Second Circuit “interprets] them in tandem” for the purposes of a reasonable accommodation claim); Good Shepherd Manor Found., Inc. v. City of Momence, 323 F.3d 557, 561 (7th Cir.2003) (“As a preliminary matter the requirements for showing failure to reasonably accommodate are the same under the ADA and the FHAA so we can treat these issues as one.”); Vinson v. Thomas, 288 F.3d 1145, 1152 n. 7 (9th Cir.2002) (“[T]here is no significant difference in the analysis of rights and obligations created by the [ADA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act].”); Shapiro v. Cadman Towers, Inc., 51 F.3d 328, 334 (2d Cir.1995) (“We believe that in enacting the anti-discrimination provisions of the FHAA, Congress relied on the standard of reasonable accommodation developed under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.... ”); Simon v. City of New York, No. 12-CV-1596, 2012 WL 4863368, at *6 (E.D.N.Y. Oct. 11, 2012) (“For the purposes of the instant complaint, the FHA, ADA, and Rehabilitation Act impose similar standards with respect to disability discrimination, and so the Court will analyze them in tandem.”). However, the statutes are not identical, but “nearly identical,” McElwee v. Cnty. of Orange, 700 F.3d 635, 640 (2d Cir.2012), and there are “subtle differences” between them, Henrietta D. v. Bloomberg, 331 F.3d 261, 272 (2d Cir.2003). Therefore, before interpreting and applying the statutes in conjunction with one another, as the Second Circuit has suggested will usually be appropriate, see McElwee, 700 F.3d at 640; Tsombanidis, 352 F.3d at 573 n. 4; Henrietta D., 331 F.3d at 272, the Court must first briefly examine these “subtle differences” to ensure that they do not impact the Court’s analysis in this Action. In regard to the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act, “[o]ne of the primary differences between [them] is that the Rehabilitation Act only applies to federally-funded programs.” Cardona v. Cmty. Access, Inc., No. 11-CV-4129, 2013 WL 304519, at *6 n. 5 (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 25, 2013) (citing Bryant v. N.Y. Educ. Dep’t, 692 F.3d 202, 216 (2d Cir.2012)); see also Ali v. Hogan, No. 12-CV-104, 2013 WL 5466302, at *6 (N.D.N.Y. Sept. 30, 2013) (“The main difference between the statutes is- that coverage under the Rehabilitation Act is limited to entities receiving federal financial assistance, while ADA’s reach extends to private entities.” (internal quotation marks omitted)). This difference is immaterial here, as THA is a recipient of federal funding. (See THA Defs.’ Rule 56.1 Statement ¶ 3 (“[THA] provides federal subsidized housing for the Tuckahoe community....”).) Another difference between the two statutes is that the reach of the Rehabilitation Act is limited to denials of benefits “solely by reason of ... disability,” 29 U.S.C. § 794(a) (emphasis added), while the ADA applies more broadly to such denials “by reason of ... disability,” 42 U.S.C. § 12132. See Cercpac v. Health & Hosps. Corp., 147 F.3d 165, 167 (2d Cir. 1998) (noting the presence of the word “solely” in the Rehabilitation Act, but not the ADA); see also Alfano v. Bridgeport Airport Servs., Inc., No. 04-CV-1406, 2006 WL 1933275, at *3 (D.Conn. July 12, 2006) (“[0]ne of the few differences between the Rehabilitation Act and the [ADA] is the Rehabilitation Act’s limitation to denial of benefits ‘solely’ by reason of disability, whereas the ADA covers situations in which discrimination on the basis of disability is one factor, but not the only factor, motivating an adverse employment action.” (internal quotation marks omitted)). Here, as described above in the section of this Opinion regarding the Court’s construction of Plaintiffs claims, Plaintiff does not appear to be claiming that he was denied a reasonable accommodation for any reason other than his disability. These appear to be the only two significant differences between the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act. See Weixel v. Bd. of Educ. of City of New York, 287 F.3d 138, 146 n. 6 (2d Cir.2002) (“Apart from the Rehabilitation Act’s limitation to denials of benefits ‘solely’ by reason of disability and its reach of only federally funded—as opposed to ‘public’—entities, the reach and requirements of both statutes are precisely the same.”); Brooklyn Ctr. for Independence of Disabled v. Bloomberg, 980 F.Supp.2d 588, 639 (S.D.N.Y.2013) (same). In regard to the ADA and Rehabilitation Act on one hand, and the FHA on the other, one court recently explained one of the most significant differences . between them: The ADA Amendments Act of 2008 broadened the category of individuals entitled to statutory protection under the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act by altering the definition of the term “disability.” Prior to the enactment of the ADA Amendments Act, courts generally considered individuals who were “disabled” under the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act to be “handicapped” under the FHAA. The ADA Amendments Act, however, did not amend the FHAA. Therefore, some individuals may not be “handicapped” within the meaning of the FHAA even though they are “disabled” within the meaning of the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act. Brooker v. Altoona Hous. Auth., No. 11-CV-95, 2013 WL 2896814, at *9 n. 8 (W.D.Pa. June 12, 2013) (citations omitted); see also Bhogaita v. Altamonte Heights Condominium Ass’n, No. 11-CV1637, 2012 WL 6562766, at *4-5 (M.D.Fla. Dec. 17, 2012) (“[T]he ADA was amended by the ADA Amendments Act of 2008.... While the AD AAA substantively amended the ADA and superseded prior case law, the FHA has not been similarly amended. The question, then, is whether the new standard announced in the AD AAA ... applies to the definition of ‘handicapped’ under the FHA.... Absent persuasive evidence to the contrary, the Court must presume that [it does not].”). However, this difference does not alter the result here, as the THA Defendants do not argue that Plaintiff is not “disabled” for the purposes of the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act, or that Plaintiff is not “handicapped” for the purposes of the FHAA. (See THA Defs.’ Mem. of Law in Supp. of Their Mot. for Summ. J. (“THA Defs.’ Mem.”) 3-6.) . Another difference is that “the ADA and the [Rehabilitation Act] may be broader than the FHA because ... coverage under the FHA is limited to statutorily defined ‘dwellings,’ but that term appears nowhere in the relevant provisions of the ADA and the [Rehabilitation Act].” Schwarz v. City of Treasure Island, 544 F.3d 1201, 1212 n. 6 (11th Cir.2008); see 42 U.S.C. § 12132 (providing that “no qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of such disability, be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or activities of a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity”); 29 U.S.C. § 794(a) (“No otherwise qualified individual with a disability ... shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.... ”); 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f)(3)(B) (defining discrimination in part as “a refusal to make reasonable accommodations in rules, policies, practices, or services, when such accommodations may be necessary to afford such person equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling” (emphasis added)). Again, that difference is of no significance when applied to the facts of this case, as the THA Defendants do not argue that Plaintiffs accommodation request did not relate to a “dwelling.” (See THA Defs.’ Mem. 3-6.) Lastly, another reason why the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act may be broader than the FHA is that “[t]he FHA, in contrast with the ADA, does not regulate disability discrimination by public accommodations and in places of public accommodation,” and is instead confined to “discrimination] against handicapped individuals in providing housing.” Overlook Mut. Homes, Inc. v. Spencer, 666 F.Supp.2d 850, 858-59 (S.D.Ohio 2009); see also Fair Hous. of the Dakotas, Inc. v. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 778 F.Supp.2d 1028, 1035 (D.N.D.2011) (same). But again, this difference is not pertinent for the purposes of this Opinion, as Plaintiffs claims are based on allegations of housing discrimination. Thus, it does not appear as though Plaintiffs reasonable-accommodation claim implicates any of the “subtle differences” between the three statutes. Additionally, the THA Defendants have based their Summary Judgment Motion on the assumption that all three statutes are potentially applicable to Plaintiffs Amended Complaint. (See THA Defs.’ Mem. 3-6.) Accordingly, the Court will conduct its analysis of Plaintiffs reasonable-accommodation claim under the collective framework that case law interpreting the three statutes has established, making reference to case law decided under each as appropriate. “To state a prima facie case for discrimination based on a failure to reasonably accommodate, a plaintiff must demonstrate that: (1) he suffers from a handicap as defined by the FHAA [or a disability as defined by the ADA and Rehabilitation Act]; (2) the defendant knew or reasonabl