Citations
- 116 Ill. App. 3d 1067
Full opinion text
PRESIDING JUSTICE ROMITI
delivered the opinion of the court:
The sole issue in this case is whether before an insured can recover under the hit-and-run provision of the uninsured motorist cover-' age provided an automobile liability policies he or his vehicle must be struck by the whole hit-and-run vehicle rather than by an integral part of that vehicle. The trial court found no coverage where the insured’s vehicle was struck by a lug nut flying off of the hit-and-run vehicle. We reverse and remand for further proceedings.
Plaintiff, Illinois National Insurance Company, filed the instant case for a declaration that it owed no liability for injuries occurring to its insured when an object was propelled by an unidentified motor vehicle through the windshield of the insured vehicle. In their answer, defendants stated that the object was propelled from off the unidentified motor vehicle. Since the trial court granted judgment on the pleadings, we will accept defendants’ version of the accident although, as will appear obvious from subsequent discussion, the cases permit recovery under either version of events.
It is well established in Illinois that an insured cannot recover under the hit-and-run provision of the uninsured motorist coverage unless there is “ '*** a physical contact of the unidentified motor vehicle with the insured or an automobile occupied by the insured.’ ” (Ferega v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. (1974); 58 Ill. 2d 109, 111, 317 N.E.2d 550, 552.) Thus, under Illinois law there can be no recovery when an unidentified vehicle forces the insured off the road but makes no contact of any kind with the insured or his vehicle. (Ferega.) Here there is no dispute that some physical contact occurred. The only question is whether, in the absence of language in the statute or policy so requiring, this court will read in a requirement that the contact be a direct contact by the whole unidentified vehicle. Other courts have refused to do so and so do we.
The purpose of the requirement of contact, either in a statute or policy, is to reduce the potential for fraud in that otherwise an insured might simply lose control of his automobile and blame it on a nonexistent driver. (Adams v. Zajac (1981), 110 Mich. App. 522, 313 N.W.2d 347; Allied Fidelity Insurance Co. v. Lamb (Ind. App. 1977), 361 N.E.2d 174; State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Spinola (5th Cir. 1967), 374 F.2d 873; 8C Appleman, Insurance Law & Practice sec. 5095 (1981).) Conversely, it is well established that where there is a direct causal connection between the hit-and-run vehicle and the plaintiff’s vehicle, which connection carries through to the plaintiff’s vehicle by a continuous and contemporaneously transmitted force from the hit-and-run vehicle, recovery is allowed. (Kersten v. Detroit Automobile Inter-Insurance Exchange (1978), 82 Mich. App. 459, 267 N.W.2d 425, appeal denied (1978), 403 Mich. 845.) Thus where the unidentified vehicle strikes one vehicle which in turn strikes the insured’s vehicle, coverage is found. (State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Spinola (5th Cir. 1967), 374 F.2d 873; Inter-Insurance Exchange of Auto Club v. Lopez (1965), 238 Cal. App. 2d 441, 47 Cal. Rptr. 834; Springer v. Government Employees Insurance Co. (La. App. 1975), 311 So. 2d 36, writ denied (La. 1975), 313 So. 2d 598; Lord v. Auto-Owners Insurance Co. (1970), 22 Mich. App. 669, 177 N.W.2d 653; Spaulding v. State Farm Mutual Insurance Co. (1974), 262 S.C. 95, 202 S.E.2d 653; Latham v. Mountain States Mutual Casualty Co. (Tex. Civ. App. 1972), 482 S.W.2d 655, error refused n.r.e.; Johnson v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. (1967), 20 Wash. 2d 587, 424 P.2d 648.) As the court in Lord remarked at 22 Mich. App. 669, 672, 177 N.W.2d 653, 655:
“It is clear that ever since the time of Sir Isaac Newton man has recognized and lived by certain physical laws of impact and motion. Accordingly, we hold *** that an insured party is covered where the impact of the hit-and-run car was transmitted to his car through an intermediate car. We find, as did Sir Isaac, that this acceptance of a fundamental property of natural phenomena is the more sensible and consistent view as regards transfer of impact through intermediate objects.”
Likewise, it has been held that where the unidentified vehicle strikes an object in the road propelling it through the air and causing it to strike plaintiff or plaintiff’s vehicle, coverage is found. (Allied Fidelity Insurance Co. v. Lamb (Ind. App. 1977), 361 N.E.2d 174; Barfield v. Insurance Company of North America (1968), 59 Tenn. App. 631, 443 S.W.2d 482; Gavin v. Motor Vehicle Accident Indemnification Corp. (1968), 57 Misc. 2d 335, 292 N.Y.S.2d 745.) Since following these cases, if the object which hit the insured’s windshield had been a rock kicked up by a tire of the unidentified truck coverage would exist, it would be illogical to deny coverage when the object propelled by the truck was part of the truck itself. After all, as pointed out in Adams v. Zajac (1981), 110 Mich. App. 522, 528, 313 N.W.2d 347, 349:
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