Beauchamp v. I. & G. N. R'y Co. (56 Tex. 239, 1882)

Walker, P. J. Com. App.—

Whether the court erred or not in the exclusion of the time-table offered in evidence, as an abstract legal question under the rules of pleading and evidence, will not necessarily determine the reversal or the affirmance of the judgment. If the evidence offered, being admitted, could not properly have influenced the jury to a result different from that at which they arrived from the consideration of the other evidence in the case, then, in such case, if it were improperly excluded, the error would have been an abstract error, which would not work a reversal of the judgment. Neither the admission nor exclusion of testimony, where it does not appear that the error affected the result or prejudiced the appellant, will not be cause for reversal. Willis v. Chambers, 8 Tex., 150; Atkinson v. Wilson, 31 Tex., 643; Morrison v. Laflin, 44 Tex., 17; Nicholson v. Horton, 23 Tex., 47.

The materiality of the testimony excluded was for the sole purpose of establishing the fact, so far as it might, that “Cross Timbers” was in fact a station at which accommodation trains were accustomed to stop for the convenience of passengers on said railway.

It is plain from the evidence (nor is the proposition controverted) that in truth “Cross Timbers” was not a station on said railway. There was no station-house or station-keeper, nor other incidents pertaining to a railway station. It was a mere siding at which trains might pass each 'other for the convenience of the railway company.

The instrument referred to as the “time-table ” offered in evidence was a printed document purporting to be issued by the general superintendent of the International & Great Northern R’y Co., on the title-page whereof, was indorsed as follows: “Time schedule No. 21, to take effect Sunday, October 3, 1815, for the government and information of the employees only. The company reserve the right to vary therefrom at pleasure.” This printed document contained a ruled list (tabular) showing the times of arrival and departure of freight, St. Louis express and mixed trains at the stations specified. This schedule indicated that the mixed train bound north was due at “Cross Timbers ” at eight o’clock and five minutes A. M., and that the same bound south was due at that place at eight and twenty-seven minutes P. M., and that none of the other trains, according to said time-table, stopped there at all. As it was not pretended at the trial by the appellant that there existed' other evidence to vary or change the effect of the “time-table,” or in any respect to qualify that which it purported to be on its face, in reviewing the action of the court and jury in rendering verdict and judgment it is not possible to perceive that, had the rejected evidence been allowed, that a different result could properly have ensued. As has been made to appear, this time-table was an internal regulation intended for the regulation of the employees of the road; it was subject to change at its pleasure; and if the same had in fact never been practically enforced or put in operation by the superintendent of the road, neither third persons nor the public at large would have been entitled to reverse his determination by practically giving effect to it in the shape or by way of actions in damages for the non-fulfillment of the terms prescribed by such time-table.

The gist of the plaintiff’s cause of action consists in the promise, expressed or implied, on the part of the railway company, to stop his train, provided the same Were a mixed train, at “Cross Timbers,” when requested to do so by the plaintiff; and the damage resulting in failure to perform that obligation he claims as the legal result of the breach of that promise. The evidence wholly fails to show such expressed promise, nor does the law imply such unless “Gross Timbers” was that which in fact it was not — a station.

The appellant virtually recognizes the correctness of this proposition and seeks to avoid its force by the implied obligation or undertaking to stop the train on which he had taken passage at “ Cross Timbers,” by reason of the recitals contained in the time-table referred to. If by private contract to that effect, or by publication of notices, time-tables or other documents fairly and reasonably inducing a passenger to act thereupon in the purchase of his ticket, or the payment of his fare along the line of road, which would include such intermediate station, it would seem that a breach of the company’s duty under such circumstances to stop its train at such place at the request of the passenger, would afford a just ground of action. But as applied to this case such facts aré merely hypothetical. The time-táble, as has been already stated, absolutely, pointedly, and apparently with emphasis, took pains to notify the public that the timetable thus published by them was for the government and information of employees only,” and that “the company reserved the right to vary therefrom at pleasure.”

The testimony contained in the statement of facts did not show with definiteness what action had been taken under the new time-table by the company. The timetable on its face purported to take effect on the 3d of October, 1815. The cause of the alleged complaint transpired on the 11th of October of the same year; and whether the company at said last named date had put into effect the regulation to stop at “Cross Timbers” or not,,or whether, in the exercise of its reserved right to vary the programme as published, had, on the 11th of the month, so varied the same as not to require the stopping of mixed trains at “Cross Timbers,” does not appear.

The plaintiff being the actor, the burden devolved upon him to make out a case of liability arising from contract express or implied; and the evidence, in connection with that which was excluded, does not impose, according to any proper interpretation which can be placed upon it, a legal duty, the violation of which can be punished with damages, to stop the defendant’s train at “ Cross Timbers ” at defendant’s request.

The time-table, had it been admitted, did not serve the purpose to establish an implied promise on the part of the company to stop the train that it otherwise would have been obliged to do under the general law, which required trains to stop at stations only. No additional force or advantage could have been gained, so far as we can perceive, to the plaintiff by the admission of the evidence which was excluded, especially in view of the limitations and conditions annexed to it, and to which reference has been sufficiently made.

It was urged on the trial below that the evidence referred to was admissible as an admission by the defendant of the fact that the regulation requiring trains to stop at “ Cross Timbers,’’ was an admission for the interest of whom it might concern of the fact that trains did and would stop at “Cross Timbers,” notwithstanding the fact that it was issued for the government and information of employees only.”

We do not conceive this ground to be tenable. Under the restrictions and limitations annexed to the instrument, it does not tend to prove an engagement by the defendant, and a corresponding obligation to the public, to run its trains any longer under the said schedule than it sees proper to do, nor that in point of fact does it tend to show that the defendant, at the time the plaintiff purchased his ticket, had put in operation and was enforcing the regulation in said time-table, which contemplated the stopping of mixed trains at “ Cross Timbers.”

As an admission of the fact that the defendant was at the time in question running its mixed trains to “ Cross Timbers ” on schedule time, and stopping there as at stations, the testimony offered will not be allowed as evidence of such fact, nor as tending to establish it, because the facts which were essential to constitute it such -were contingent and conditional, and such evidence would have been remote. If it had been admitted, it cannot be supposed that, when it was considered with all the other evidence in the case, the jury could have drawn an inference from it inconsistent with the evidence upon which they acted. The document offered was not, indeed, one which purported to admit that the company had proposed by it to run any of its trains so as to stop at “ Cross Timbers;” it was at most but directions given by the superintendent to control the employees and operatives who were engaged in managing the machinery of the rolling stock of all grade's and classes on the road, and those directions were subject to change and variation at pleasure. We think, therefore, that the ground urged by the appellant for the admission of the evidence is not maintainable.

.The third ground assigned as error is as follows: